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Os impactos jurídicos da economia compartilhada : uma análise do Airbnb

Authors: Maciel, Fernanda Kayser;

Os impactos jurídicos da economia compartilhada : uma análise do Airbnb

Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os impactos sociais e, principalmente, jurídicos que o fenômeno da economia compartilhada vem causando no mundo. Para tanto, torna-se necessário um exame sobre os aspectos que motivaram o surgimento e crescimento deste fenômeno, assim como sobre o funcionamento do Airbnb, que é a plataforma foco do estudo. Procura-se definir o conceito de economia compartilhada e explicar suas esferas enquanto democracia participativa, enquanto fenômeno sustentável e, ainda e principalmente, enquanto fenômeno tecnológico. A segunda parte do trabalho trata das intervenções estatais. Estuda-se as justificativas para uma atuação do Estado, que é constituída quando o mercado apresenta algumas falhas, sendo a assimetria de informações e a concorrência imperfeita exemplos destas. São analisadas as limitações do Poder Público na intervenção econômica, e, ainda, é feita uma análise das possíveis regulações em relação a negócios da economia compartilhada levando em consideração as dificuldades pelo seu caráter inovador. Procura-se discutir qual é o melhor momento para o Estado intervir e qual é a intensidade ideal para equilibrar a flexibilidade exigida e o cumprimento das regras. São feitas indagações em relação ao futuro do direito, sobre como será possível para a ciência jurídica se reformular de maneira que consiga manter a sua essência sem criar barreiras às inovações. Examina-se especificamente os campos jurídicos nos quais a economia compartilhada vem causando maiores impactos e gerando discussões, que são: o direito do consumidor, da concorrência, responsabilidade civil, imobiliário e urbanístico, trabalhista, tributário e o direito à privacidade. Aborda-se, nestes campos, as colisões de direitos que são constatadas nas situações novas que a economia compartilhada está apresentando e alguns possíveis ajustes que poderiam ajudar a minimizar os problemas. Analisa-se as regulações já existentes ao redor do mundo com um olhar mais atento às legislações brasileira e portuguesa, que já estão sendo impactadas pelo fenômeno da economia compartilhada. Por fim, são feitas algumas recomendações sobre o que se presume, a partir deste estudo, ser o caminho mais adequado para encontrar respostas aos impasses analisados.

The objective of this work is to analyze the social and, especially, legal impacts that the phenomenon of the sharing economy has been causing in the world. To do so, it is necessary to examine the aspects that motivated the emergence and growth of this phenomenon, as well as the operation of Airbnb, which is the focus of the study. It seeks to define the concept of sharing economy and explain its spheres as participatory democracy, as a sustainable phenomenon and, still and mainly, as a technological phenomenon. The second part of the paper deals with state interventions. We study the justifications for a State's performance, which is constituted when the market presents some flaws, the asymmetry of information and competition being imperfect examples of these. The limitations of the Public Power in the economic intervention are analyzed, and an analysis is made of the possible regulations in relation to shared economy businesses considering the difficulties due to their innovative character. It is sought to discuss the best time for the State to intervene and what is the ideal intensity to balance the required flexibility and compliance with the rules. Inquiries are made about the future of law, about how it will be possible for legal science to reformulate itself so that it can maintain its essence without creating barriers to innovation. It examines specifically the legal fields in which the shared economy has been causing the greatest impacts and generating discussions, which are: consumer law, competition, civil liability, real estate and urban, labor, tax and the right to privacy. In these fields, the collisions of rights that are observed in the new situations that the shared economy is presenting and some possible adjustments that could help to minimize the problems are discussed. The regulations that already exist around the world are analyzed with a closer look at the Brazilian and Portuguese legislations, which are already being impacted by the phenomenon of the shared economy. Finally, some recommendations are made on what is assumed, from this study, to be the most adequate way to find answers to the analyzed impasses.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Economia compartilhada, Regulação económica, Intervenção do Estado, Airbnb, Inovação, Teses de mestrado - 2019, Direitos fundamentais, Direito

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green