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Imunoterapia do cancro de pulmão

Authors: Leandro, Manuel Augusto Brissos;

Imunoterapia do cancro de pulmão

Abstract

O cancro de pulmão representa hoje o tipo de cancro com maior taxa de mortalidade. Os factores de risco estão preponderantemente envolvidos - 85% dos casos de cancro de pulmão primário acontecem em fumadores. A distinção entre cancro de pulmão de células pequenas e cancro de pulmão de células não pequenas é crucial do ponto de vista clínico pois tem impacto desde o prognóstico do doente até ao tipo de terapêutica a utilizar. O primeiro, células pequenas, responde bem a protocolos de radioterapia podendo ou não esta ser administrada em combinação com quimioterapia. É, no entanto, uma forma agressiva de cancro de pulmão, possui elevado e rápido grau de disseminação, com elevada probabilidade de relapso e, como consequência, um mau prognóstico. No caso do cancro de pulmão de células não pequenas, apesar de menos sensível à radioterapia, possui um prognóstico menos mau, com menor grau de disseminação e, acima de tudo, um leque de opções terapêuticas consideravelmente mais amplo quando comparado com o cancro de pulmão de células pequenas. Estas novas opções terapêuticas vão desde a terapêutica dirigida – possuindo selectividade parcial origina melhores perfis de tolerabilidade – que já evidencia como standard of care em populações específicas de doentes com cancro de pulmão de células não pequenas - até a imunoterapia. A imunoterapia apresenta-se como uma nova solução terapêutica para casos de cancro de pulmão de células não pequenas, estando em estudo para o cancro de pulmão de células pequenas. Baseia-se na premissa do funcionamento do sistema imunitário, auxiliando-o a reconhecer e destruir as células tumorais. Muitas destas células têm a capacidade de evitar a acção do sistema imunitário de forma a poderem multiplicar-se e, posteriormente, disseminar-se para outras áreas do corpo. Este é hoje o grande desafio da terapêutica oncológica. Definir e desenvolver novas soluções terapêuticas que possam providenciar os doentes oncológicos, neste caso com cancro de pulmão, com fármacos que lhes possibilitem uma maior sobrevida e, acima de tudo, uma melhor qualidade de vida.

Lung cancer represents today the deadliest type of cancer. Risk factors are heavily involved - 85% of primary lung cancer cases occur in heavy-smokers. The distinction between small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer is crucial since it impacts the patient's prognosis as well as the type of therapy to be used. The first, small cell lung cancer, responds well to radiotherapy protocols which may or may not be given in combination with chemotherapy. It is however an aggressive form of lung cancer having a high and rapid degree of dissemination, with high probability of relapse presenting a very poor prognosis. In the case of non-small cell lung cancer, although being less sensitive to radiotherapy, it presents a better prognosis, less dissemination, and above all, a wide range of therapeutic options when compared to small cell lung cancer. These new therapeutic options range from targeted therapy - having partial selectivity yields better tolerability profiles - which already represents the standard of care in specific populations with non-small cell lung cancer, to immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is presented as a novel therapeutic solution for non-small cell lung cancer and it is being studied for small cell lung cancer. It is based on the functioning foundation of the immune system as it helps it to recognize and destroy cancerous cells. Many of these cells can bypass the immune system so they can multiply and then spread to other areas of the body. This question represents today a great challenge for cancer medicine, defining and developing new therapeutic solutions that can provide cancer patients, in this case, lung cancer patients, with drugs that allow them to have a longer survival rate and, above all, a better quality of life.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2017

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Anticorpo, Mestrado Integrado - 2017, Ciências da Saúde, Monoclonal, Sobrevida, Imunoterapia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
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Cancer Research