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Biocompatibilidade de dispositivos médicos

Authors: Lopes, Márcia Filipa Vaz Souto;

Biocompatibilidade de dispositivos médicos

Abstract

A utilização de dispositivos médicos requer o contato de biomateriais com os tecidos e o organismo humano, o que desencadeia uma resposta biológica, sendo este um dos principais fatores que determina a biocompatibilidade de um material. Inicialmente a definição deste conceito exigia apenas que um biomaterial não desencadeasse efeitos adversos. Contudo, tem-se verificado que as características necessárias num biomaterial são bem mais do que a ausência de toxicidade. A avaliação de biocompatibilidade está normalizada na ISO 10993 onde estão esquematizados os testes e ensaios exigidos de acordo com o tipo de dispositivo médico. No entanto, apesar desta normalização de processos, a evolução científica, tecnológica, aliada à descoberta de áreas como engenharia de tecidos, tem aumentado a perceção das limitações associadas ao conceito de biocompatibilidade e demonstrado a sua constante evolução ao longo dos tempos, tornando-se difícil compreender completamente todos os fenómenos envolvidos nestes processos. Este é um conceito muito controverso por não se entender ainda por completo quais as suas fronteiras como, por exemplo, a distinção entre biocompatibilidade e toxicidade. Muitas questões continuam sem resposta pela incerteza das mesmas por parte da comunidade científica. De futuro esperam-se novas alterações neste conceito que tem estado em constante evolução ao longo dos tempos, principalmente numa era de incremento na utilização de dispositivos médicos e na perceção das suas enormes potencialidades na área da saúde.

The use of medical devices requires the contact of biomaterials with tissues and the human body, which triggers a biological response, being this, one of the main factors that determine the biocompatibility of a material. Initially, the definition of this concept only required that a biomaterial did not trigger any adverse events. However, it has been found that the required characteristics in a biomaterial are much more than the absence of toxicity. The biocompatibility assessment is standardized in ISO 10993 where the required tests, according to the type of medical device, are outlined. However, in spite of this normalization, scientific and technological evolution, coupled with the discovery of areas like tissue engineering, has increased the perception of the limitations associated with the concept of biocompatibility and demonstrated its constant evolution over time, becoming difficult to fully understand all the phenomena involved in biocompatibility. This is a very controversial and uncertain concept, since its boundaries are not fully understand, such as the separation between biocompatibility and toxicity, or whether all biomaterials are biocompatible. Many of these questions remain unanswered due to their uncertainty by the scientific community. In the future, new revolutions are expected in the concept that has been constantly evolving over time, especially in an era of increasing use of medical devices and the realization of their enormous potential, mainly in health.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2017

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Mestrado Integrado - 2017, Ciências da Saúde, Dispositivo médico, Biocompatibilidade, Reação adversa, ISO 10993, Biomaterial, Resposta biológica

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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