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O microbioma na doença inflamatória intestinal: presente e futuro

Authors: Coutinho, Gonçalo Cortes Raposo;

O microbioma na doença inflamatória intestinal: presente e futuro

Abstract

A doença inflamatória intestinal, onde se incluem a doença de Crohn e a colite ulcerosa, é uma doença crónica caracterizada por uma resposta imunológica exacerbada associada a uma marcada disbiose. É uma doença que tem visto a sua incidência aumentar na população ao longo do tempo, sendo que as maiores incidências são reportadas nos países ocidentais. Crê-se que a doença inflamatória intestinal esteja relacionada a uma crescente industrialização e com a adoção de hábitos do Ocidente. O microbioma tem um papel central na patogénese da doença inflamatória intestinal e este é induzido por uma componente genética e por diversos fatores ambientais, como a dieta, a medicação, a idade e a higiene. Estes fatores influenciam a composição e as funções do microbioma de formas e intensidades distintas. As funções do microbioma do doente estão afetadas pela marcada disbiose, destacando-se as funções de barreira, imunológicas e metabólicas. Várias pesquisas têm sido realizadas no âmbito de tratamentos moduladores da microbiota intestinal, como os prebióticos, os probióticos, o transplante de microbiota fecal, intervenções na dieta e antibióticos. Embora se tenham obtido resultados favoráveis, os estudos realizados apresentam algumas limitações e os resultados têm sido contraditórios. Em virtude da complexidade da doença inflamatória intestinal, as medidas a tomar nas futuras intervenções serão em torno da identificação do papel do microbioma na patogénese; da possibilidade da composição microbiana predizer o risco da doença inflamatória intestinal e da capacidade da flora luminal antever a resposta à terapia. Para além disso, é indispensável a toma de medidas para melhorar a qualidade dos estudos através de uma posição multifacetada, holística e padronizada.

Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic disease characterized by an exacerbated immune response associated with marked dysbiosis. It is a disease that has seen its incidence increase in the population over time, with the highest incidence being reported in Western countries. Inflammatory bowel disease is believed to be related to increasing industrialization and the adoption of Western habits. The microbiome plays a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and this is induced by a genetic component and by various environmental factors, such as diet, medication, age and hygiene. These factors influence the composition and functions of the microbiome by different mechanisms and intensities. Patient's microbiome functions are affected by the marked dysbiosis, highlighting the barrier, immunological and metabolic functions. Several researches have been carried out on modulatory treatments of the intestinal microbiota, such as prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary interventions and antibiotics. Although favorable results were obtained, the studies carried out presented some limitations and the results have been contradictory. Due to the complexity of the inflammatory bowel disease, the measures to be taken in future interventions will be around identifying the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis; the possibility of microbial composition predicting the risk of inflammatory bowel disease and the ability of the luminal flora to anticipate the response to therapy. In addition, it is essential to take measures to improve the quality of studies through a multifaceted, holistic and standardized approach.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2017

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Mestrado Integrado - 2017, Ciências da Saúde, Colite ulcerosa, Doença de Crohn, Disbiose, Doença inflamatória intestinal, Microbioma

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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