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Disfonia psicogénica

Authors: Marta, Patrícia Simões;

Disfonia psicogénica

Abstract

A disfonia psicogénica caracteriza-se por alterações vocais resultantes de distúrbios psicológicos e está muito associada ao stress crónico, que é cada vez mais prevalente na nossa sociedade. Este trabalho tem como objectivo rever a informação presente na literatura acerca desta temática, através da pesquisa na base de dados PubMed de artigos publicados até Dezembro de 2016, usando os termos ‘psychogenic dysphonia’, ‘functional dysphonia’, ‘conversion dysphonia’, ‘conversion aphonia’ e ‘psychogenic aphonia’. Os resultados apontam para a reacção de conversão como principal mecanismo envolvido na etiologia da disfonia psicogénica e uma associação com acontecimentos de vida negativos, particularmente conflitos interpessoais que condicionam problemas de assertividade e auto-expressão. Existe uma diversidade de apresentações clínicas na ausência de alterações orgânicas do aparelho vocal, o que vem complicar o diagnóstico. Verifica-se uma tendência para níveis elevados de ansiedade, depressão e sintomas somáticos nestes doentes, pelo que os factores psicológicos de base devem ser tidos em conta, não só no diagnóstico, como também no tratamento da disfonia psicogénica. Uma abordagem multidisciplinar com terapia vocal e psicoterapia é essencial para um bom prognóstico a longo prazo com redução da taxa de recidivas. Estudos futuros poderiam focar-se na investigação das características psicológicas destes doentes comparativamente aos outros tipos de disfonia e na avaliação dos resultados do tratamento a longo prazo.

Psychogenic dysphonia is characterized by vocal changes resulting from psychological disturbances and is closely associated with chronic stress, which is increasing in our society. This paper aims to review the information found in literature on this subject, by searching the PubMed database for papers published until December 2016, using the following terms ‘psychogenic dysphonia’, ‘functional dysphonia’, ‘conversion dysphonia’, ‘conversion aphonia’ and ‘psychogenic aphonia’. The results point to the conversion reaction as the main mechanism involved in the etiology of psychogenic dysphonia and an association with negative life events, particularly interpersonal conflicts that lead to assertiveness and self-expression problems. There is a diversity of clinical presentations in the absence of organic lesions of the vocal apparatus, which makes it harder to diagnose. There is a tendency for high levels of anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms in these patients, so the underlying psychological factors should be taken into account, not only in diagnosis, but also in the treatment of psychogenic dysphonia. A multidisciplinary approach with vocal therapy and psychotherapy is essential for a good long term prognosis with a decrease of relapse rate. Future studies could focus on investigating the psychological characteristics in these patients compared to other types of dysphonia and evaluating long term treatment outcomes.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Disfonia de conversão, Psiquiatria, Disfonia funcional, Afonia psicogénica, Disfonia psicogénica

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green