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Tipos de estudos clínicos. II. Estudos de Coorte

Types of clinical studies. II. Cohort studies
Authors: Fernandes, Susana M.; Carneiro, António Vaz;

Tipos de estudos clínicos. II. Estudos de Coorte

Abstract

Os estudos de coorte incluem grupos de doentes que são seguidos no tempo para determinação da incidência ou da história natural da doença, assim como dos factores de risco para os vários resultados (outcomes). Estes estudos permitem determinar as características das doenças e a relação de causalidade entre uma exposição e uma doença. São, no entanto, financeiramente muito pesados, porque necessitam geralmente de uma amostra de grandes dimensões. Os estudos de coorte dividem-se em prospectivos (em que o investigador define a amostra e mede as variáveis preditivas antes dos resultados terem ocorrido) e retrospectivos (o investigador define a amostra e colhe dados sobre as variáveis preditivas depois dos resultados terem ocorrido). Os estudos de coorte estão sujeitos a uma série de viéses (erros sistemáticos), que devem ser eliminados se se quiser garantir a validade dos resultados. Para aumentar a validade dos estudos de coorte é necessário que o investigador tenha em atenção a exposição, o outcome, a escolha da amostra e a forma como é feita a análise estatística (rácios ou diferenças de risco, riscos absolutos e relativos, etc.).

Cohort studies include groups of patients that are followed over time to determine the incidence or natural history of a disease, together with the risk factors for specific outcomes. These studies can be used to determine disease characteristics as well as the causal relationship between exposure and disease. They are, however, very expensive, because they need large patient samples. Cohort studies can be classified as prospective (the investigator defines the sample and measures predictive variables before outcomes arise) or retrospective (the investigator defines the sample and measures predictive variables after outcomes arise). Cohort studies are susceptible to various types of bias (systematic errors) that must be eliminated in order to ensure the validity of the results. To increase the validity of cohort studies the investigator has to consider exposure, outcome, sample selection and the statistical analysis (risk ratios and/or differences, absolute and relative risks, etc.).

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Longitudinal, prospective and retrospective studies, Clinical epidemiology, Evidence-based cardiology, Cohort study, Clinical studies

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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