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O saneamento da sociedade comercial : o caso específico das operações harmónio

Authors: Domingues, Vanessa Filipa Martinho;

O saneamento da sociedade comercial : o caso específico das operações harmónio

Abstract

A operação harmónio é genericamente admitida no ordenamento jurídico português como meio de saneamento financeiro das sociedades uma vez que estas se encontram em situação financeira difícil. Porém, estas podem ter outros fins associados, englobados dentro do fim último. Nestes termos, recorre-se frequentemente aos tipos legais de redução e aumento da cifra legal do capital social para caracterizar a operação harmónio. Assim, os sócios deliberam uma redução da cifra legal do capital social e de seguida deliberam o aumento da referida cifra, com o intuito de afastar as perdas existentes na sociedade, as quais afectam a cifra do capital social. O impacto das dificuldades financeiras de uma sociedade tem implicações ao nível da cifra do capital social pois faz perigar a função de garantia do capital social face aos credores. Por outro lado, uma sociedade com perdas dificilmente consegue atrair novos sócios dispostos a investir na sociedade. A operação harmónio qualifica-se como negócio jurídico, misto, na qual os sócios visam sanar a sociedade de maus resultados e prejuízos financeiros, através da redução e aumento da cifra legal. As figuras jurídicas concorrem na mesma proporção para a constituição do negócio, e a racionalidade das mesmas afere-se por remissão à unidade económico-funcional conforme a vontade dos sócios. Por outro lado, casos existem em que a operação harmónio já não é um negócio misto, mas uma verdadeira união de contratos. Esta alteração do capital social tem consequências ao nível dos sócios, os quais podem ver a sua participação social diminuída ou mesmo extinta para benefício da sociedade. Assim, normas injuntivas podem ser afastadas de o interesse societário assim o ditar. Esta operação não constitui, em princípio, uma fraude à lei, porquanto a sua deliberação, aprovação e execução não é proibida pelas normas vigentes. A deliberação desta operação funda-se na autonomia das partes, recorrendo frequentemente aos regimes legais para preencher conceitos. A função económico-funcional é de tal forma forte que a invalidade de uma deliberação determina o fim do negócio, uma vez que as partes determinaram o negócio enquanto um mecanismo que deveria operar em simultâneo, não fazendo sentido que o negócio possa subsistir pela metade.

The harmonium operation is generally accepted in the Portuguese legal system as a means of financial restructuring of companies as these are in financial distress. However, other purposes might be taken into consideration when shareholders. Accordingly, this operation often refers to other statutory types such as the reduction and increase in the share capital . Thus, the partners deliberating the reduction of the statutory amount of share capital and then deliberated the increase of that figure in order to fend off company losses , as these affect the global of share capital. The impact of the financial difficulties of a company brings consequences to the amount of share capital as it imperils the guarantee function of the share capital. On the other hand, a company with losses can hardly attract new partners willing to invest. The «harmonium operation», which qualifies as a mixed legal business, means to rid the company of poor results and financial losses by reducing and increasing the share capital amount. The shareholders do not which to enphasize the redution or the increase of capital, as they are logical movements that should operate just as the shareholders foresaw. The rationality of the same is gauged by reference to the economic and functional unit according to the shareholders will. Moreover, there are cases in which the «harmonium operation» is no longer a mixed contract, but a real union of contracts. This changes at a share capital level have consequences as they affect the sharehoder overall position. This mecanism can decreased or even extinguished the shareholders position for the Company’s benefit. Thus, injunctive statutes can be overlooked for the company’s sake. This operation does not configure a breach of the law, as the shareholders resolution of approval and implementation is not prohibited by any statues. The resolution of this operation is based on the shareholders’ will, often resorting to statutory schemes to fill the contract concepts. The economic and functional role is so strong that the invalidity of a resolution determines the end of the business, since the parties determined it as a mechanism that would operate simultaneously, making no sense that only half of the legal business is left standing.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Capital social, Teses de mestrado - 2018, Deliberações sociais, Direito de preferência, Direito comercial, Negócio jurídico, Sociedade comercial, Direito

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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