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Hematoma subdural infetado : uma causa rara de empiema subdural : descrição de um caso clínico e revisão da literatura

Authors: Muñoz, Fabiana Santos;

Hematoma subdural infetado : uma causa rara de empiema subdural : descrição de um caso clínico e revisão da literatura

Abstract

Objetivo: O hematoma subdural infetado é uma causa rara de empiema subdural, com poucos casos descritos na literatura. Nesta revisão é apresentado o caso clínico de um hematoma subdural pós-traumático infetado com Escherichia Coli e tratado com sucesso através de uma cirurgia por buracos de trépano, assim como também uma revisão da literatura com discussão dos organismos causais, focos de infeção, apresentação clínica, tratamento e prognóstico para esta entidade clínica. Caso clínico: Uma mulher de 86 anos de idade foi internada a partir do serviço de urgências, de onde tivera alta uma semana antes com o diagnóstico de hematoma subdural traumático para tratamento conservador. Apresentava queixas de febre e calafrios desde há três dias, bem como afasia global de novo e deterioração do estado de consciência. As análises laboratoriais revelaram aumento dos parâmetros inflamatórios e a tomografia computarizada demonstrou um hematoma subdural crónico. A doente apresentou agravamento clínico, pelo que foi realizada uma cirurgia por buracos de trépano e foi feito o diagnóstico de hematoma subdural infetado. A análise microbiológica do líquido purulento identificou a presença de Escherichia Coli, que também foi identificada nas hemoculturas colhidas aquando da entrada. A doente apresentava leucocitúria e a urocultura veio conspurcada com várias estirpes bacterianas. Colocou-se a hipótese de a causa da infeção do hematoma subdural ser uma infeção do trato urinário. Conclusões: o hematoma subdural infetado é uma entidade clínica rara. Deve-se pensar na possibilidade deste diagnóstico quando temos um paciente que se apresenta com qualquer um dos três sintomas mais frequente nesta revisão. Ainda não houve consenso quanto ao tratamento cirúrgico mais adequado, mas tanto a craniotomia como a cirurgia por buracos de trépano são recomendadas. Esta revisão sugere que a decisão deve estar baseada nas características particulares de cada indivíduo, embora a craniotomia pareça ser superior quanto à drenagem máxima do empiema e à remoção total da cápsula do hematoma infetado.

Objective: The infection of a subdural hematoma is an unusual case of subdural empyema, with few cases reported in the literature. In this review is presented a case report of a post-traumatic subdural hematoma infected with Escherichia Coli, that was successfully treated with burr hole surgery, and a review of the literature with discussion of the causative organism, source of infection, clinical presentation, surgical treatment, and outcome for this condition. Case description: A 86-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a previous diagnosis of traumatic subdural hematoma around one week earlier, treated conservatively. She was complaining of fever and shivering for the previous three days and she had global aphasia and disturbance of consciousness. Laboratory tests showed inflammatory parameters increased and neuroimaging studies revealed chronic subdural hematoma. The patient showed clinical worsening so there was performed a burr-hole surgery and the diagnosis of infected subdural hematoma was made. A bacterial culture of the purulent specimen identified Escherichia Coli, as well as the blood cultures collected when admitted. The patient also presented with leukocyturia and urine culture contaminated with bacteria, so the cause of the infected subdural hematoma was postulated as a urinary tract infection. Conclusions: Infected subdural hematoma is an unusual condition. We must keep in mind the possibility of this complication when seeing in a patient who presents with any of the three most common symptoms in this review. There has not been a consensus about the correct surgical treatment, but both craniotomy and burr hole surgery are recommended. This review suggest that it should be decided based on the characteristic of every patient, although craniotomy seemed to be superior for maximal drainage of the loculated pus and total removal of the infected hematoma capsule.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Empiema subdural, Hematoma subdural crónico

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green