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Feocromocitoma : o grande simulador

Authors: Marques, Diogo André Gomes Ferreira;

Feocromocitoma : o grande simulador

Abstract

Este trabalho desenvolve-se em torno da abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica do caso clinico de um doente de 66 anos, sexo masculino, com antecedentes pessoais de hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia, doença renal crónica e diabetes melittus tipo 2, com episódios ocasionais e de curta duração, caracterizados por náuseas, parestesias, cãibras e sudorese profusa desde meados de 2012, sendo internado a 18/03/2014 após episódio semelhante, com agudização da doença renal crónica no contexto de rabdomiólise, associada a hipocaliemia ligeira. Durante o internamento, foram documentados episódios recorrentes de crises hipertensivas alternadas com hipotensão, tendo tido alta clínica para a consulta externa de Medicina Interna, com a indicação para realização de cintigrafia 123I-MIBG e medição de Metanefrinas Urinárias Fracionadas e Catecolaminas totais na urina de 24 horas. Após realização destes meios complementares de diagnóstico, identificou-se a presença de Feocromocitoma Adrenal funcionante. Posteriormente, o doente voltou ao Serviço de Urgência no contexto de crise hipertensiva, tendo permanecido internado para preparação da intervenção cirúrgica, com instituição de terapêutica farmacológica com Fenoxibenzamina (mais tarde, associado a Nebivolol), durante 12 dias. Por último, foi submetido a adrenalectomia esquerda por via laparotómica, sem intercorrências no período pós-operatório. Este trabalho analisa a abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica do caso clínico, sendo proposta uma abordagem clínica alternativa, que deve ser posteriormente contextualizada com os recursos hospitalares disponíveis. Concomitantemente, é realizada uma pequena revisão bibliográfica com objetivo de definir quais os métodos de rastreio, de localização tumoral e terapêuticas disponíveis, que permitem diagnosticar e tratar os feocromocitomas de uma forma mais eficiente e com maior custo-benefício. Por fim, é proposto um plano de acompanhamento a longo-prazo deste doente, dada a falta de informação relativa ao período após o último internamento.

This work is developed around the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of a 66 years old, male patient with a personal history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, with occasional short episodes of nausea, paresthesias, cramps and profuse sweating since mid-2012, being hospitalized on 3/18/2014 for exacerbation of chronic kidney disease associated with rhabdomyolysis and mild hypokalemia. During hospitalization, recurrent episodes of hypertensive crises and hypotension were documented. The patient was clinical discharged with indication for 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and measurement of Fractionated Urinary Metanephrines and total Catecholamines in 24-hour urine. These diagnostic tests identified the presence of a functional Adrenal Pheochromocytoma. The patient returned to the emergency room with hypertensive crisis and was hospitalized in order to be submitted to a surgical procedure. He started phenoxybenzamine as medical treatment (later associated with nebivolol), in a 12 days regimen. Subsequently, he underwent left adrenalectomy by laparotomy, without postoperative intercurrences. This paper analyzes the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of this case, proposing an alternative clinical approach, which should be later contextualized with the available resources. At the same time, a small bibliographic review is carried out to define the available methods of screening, tumor localization and therapeutics that allow the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma in a more efficient and cost-effective manner. Finally, a long-term follow-up plan for this patient is proposed, given the lack of information regarding the period after the last hospitalization.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Cintigrafia 123I-MIBG, Fenoxibenzamina, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Feocromocitoma adrenal, Metanefrinas, Adrenalectomia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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