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Glomerulonefrite pauci-­imune ANCA+

Authors: Figueiredo, Carolina Silva;

Glomerulonefrite pauci-­imune ANCA+

Abstract

A vasculite associada a ANCA é um tipo de vasculite que envolve predominantemente os pequenos vasos em qualquer órgão. Os ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody) são anticorpos citoplasmáticos anti-neutrófilos, envolvidos nos mecanismos patogénicos da doença. A Granulomatose com Poliangeíte (GPA) é um subtipo de VAA, caraterizada por necrose, inflamação granulomatosa e vasculite, que ocorre preferencialmente no aparelho respiratório e rins, mas que pode envolver qualquer órgão. Apesar da etiologia de GPA permanecer desconhecida, acredita-se que tenha uma base autoimune e que seja despoletada por eventos ambientais em indivíduos geneticamente suscetíveis. Clinicamente, a GPA apresenta lesões com um espectro morfológico alargado. O acrónimo ELK é usado para descrever o comum envolvimento clínico do ouvido, nariz e garganta (ENT), pulmão (L) e rim (K). Os sintomas constitucionais estão geralmente presentes. O diagnóstico de GPA baseia-se na combinação de sintomas e sinais clínicos, dados laboratoriais e achados histológicos. O padrão ANCA típico associado à GPA é o c-ANCA reconhecedor do auto-antigénio PR3. Apesar do teste ANCA ser altamente específico, a biopsia renal continua a ser fundamental para a confirmação diagnóstica e para aferir a gravidade do envolvimento renal, o prognóstico e a intervenção terapêutica. O tratamento da GPA melhorou grandemente a taxa de sobrevida destes doentes e compreende doses altas de corticoesteroides em combinação com ciclofosfamida como terapia de indução, enquanto que para a terapia de manutenção, a azatioprina é o fármaco de escolha. O caso clinico apresentado refere-se a um doente com GPA com envolvimento predominante do pulmão e rim. A lesão renal sob forma de glomerulonefrite rapidamente progressiva permitiu, em conjunto com o historial clínico do doente, enquadrar a lesão renal no contexto de GPA e instituir terapêutica dirigida com sucesso.

ANCA-associated vasculitides is a type of vasculitis that predominantly involves small vessels in any organ. ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody) are anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. GPA is a subtype of AAV, characterized by necrosis, granulomatous inflammation and vasculitis, that occurs preferentially in upper and lower respiratory tract system and in the kidneys, but may involve any organ. Although the etiology of GPA remains unknown, it is believed to have an autoimmune basis and may be triggered by environmental events in genetically susceptible individuals. Clinically, GPA’s manifestations are part of a wide morphological spectrum. The acronym ELK is used to describe the clinical involvement of the ear, nose and throat (ENT), lung (L) and kidney (K). Constitutional symptoms are commonly present. The diagnosis of GPA is based on the combination of symptoms and clinical signs, laboratory data and histological findings. The typical ANCA pattern associated with GPA is the c-ANCA recognizing the PR3 auto-antigen. Although the ANCA test is highly specific, renal biopsy remains essential for diagnostic confirmation and for assessing the severity of renal involvement, prognosis and a therapeutic approach. GPA treatment greatly improved the survival rate of these patients and consists of high doses of corticosteroids in combination with cyclophosphamide as induction therapy, whereas for maintenance therapy, azathiophrine is the drug of choice. The presented clinical case refers to a GPA disease with a predominant involvement of the lung and kidney. Renal damage as a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis allowed, with the prior clinical history, setting the renal lesion in the context of GPA disease and to institute successful targeted therapy.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Nefrologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Glomerulonefrite ANCA+, Vasculite ANCA+, Glomerulonefrite pauci-­imune

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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