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Protótipo do atlas da qualidade do solo e cartografia da suscetibilidade à contaminação de solos

Authors: Moreira, Francisco Dias;

Protótipo do atlas da qualidade do solo e cartografia da suscetibilidade à contaminação de solos

Abstract

Over the last decades, soils have been subject to a vast number of changes that have contributed to its increasing degradation. In order to invert this situation a new law that focuses on soil contamination and soil protection is being conceived. This new law fills a major flaw on the legislative tools regarding soils but has not yet been ratified. It is based on three basic principles: evaluation of soil quality, soil remediation and accountability for soil contamination. The operator is given the responsibility of collecting and sending a set of soil data of the area in which it operates. As a way of presenting and making this information available, the law describes the creation of an "Atlas of Soil Quality" as a supporting tool. This information is to be used by the operator, the technicians of the institution responsible for overseeing the compliance with the law (the Portuguese Environment Agency) as well as other stakeholders. In the present work a prototype of the “Atlas of Soil Quality” was created as a way of representing and consulting existing and future information on soils in Portugal. The information that should appear in this Atlas was selected and the rules for viewing each theme were chosen. Structures have also been created in the institution's database to store future geographic information. The information was integrated in the database and in the Atlas viewer. ArcGIS for Flex was the chosen platform to represent the themes. In the second part of this work, the maps of susceptibility to soil contamination were created based on the variables available at two different scales: national/regional (1:1 000 000/1:100 000) and local (1:25 000). As no examples of cartography of this type was found, the creation of these maps was based on similar methodologies used for analogous phenomena, namely studies of the susceptibility to aquifer contamination, analysis of runoff and delimitation of areas of maximum infiltration. The methodologies used to study these phenomena share a lot of variables with the susceptibility to soil contamination. As expected, the final result demonstrates how soil characterization at different scales can yield different results in terms of its susceptibility to contamination, even when using a methodology that diminishes this effect. It also shows that site contamination can have drastically different consequences depending on the permeability of that site and its surroundings. Although it is mostly an academic exercise, it reveals the importance of having detailed characterizations when analyzing the susceptibility or risk of a phenomenon of this type.

Os solos têm vindo a sofrer grandes alterações durante as últimas décadas, o que tem contribuído para a sua crescente degradação. Por essa razão, está a ser concebida uma nova lei de proteção dos solos que incide em particular sobre a problemática da contaminação dos solos e que vem colmatar uma lacuna existente nas ferramentas legislativas. A nova lei, que, há data da elaboração deste relatório, ainda não se encontra em vigor, baseia-se em três princípios básicos: avaliação da qualidade do solo, remediação e responsabilização pela contaminação dos solos. Neste último, é dado ao operador a responsabilidade de recolher e enviar um conjunto de dados relativos aos solos em que opera. Como forma de apresentação e disponibilização da informação existente, está descrito no projeto de lei a criação de um “Atlas da Qualidade do Solo”, o qual deverá servir de suporte à referida lei. No presente trabalho foi criado o protótipo do Atlas da Qualidade do Solo como forma de representação e consulta online da informação existente acerca do solo em Portugal. Para isso foi selecionada a informação geográfica que deverá constar deste Atlas, foram definidas as regras de visualização dos temas escolhidos e foram criadas as estruturas (atributos e domínios) na base de dados da instituição para o armazenamento da informação recebida. Para o efeito, pretendeu-se criar procedimentos que permitissem integrar a informação recebida de uma forma expedita tanto na base de dados como, em seguida, no visualizador criado para consulta do Atlas. Numa segunda fase, do estágio foram criados mapas de suscetibilidade à contaminação dos solos com base nas variáveis disponíveis a diferentes escalas: nacional/regional (1:1 000 000/1:100 000) e local (1:25 000). Não tendo sido encontrados na bibliografia exemplos de cartografia deste tipo, a sua criação teve por base a analogia com metodologias utilizadas para fenómenos semelhantes, com os quais partilham alguns fatores. O resultado final demonstra como as diferenças nas caracterizações de solos a diferentes escalas poderão resultar em efeitos muito distintos. Demonstra também que uma contaminação em locais próximos pode ter consequências drasticamente diferentes, dependendo das condições envolventes, em especial da permeabilidade do solo nesse mesmo local. Por fim, revela a importância de existirem caracterizações detalhadas quando é feita uma análise de suscetibilidade ou risco de um fenómeno deste tipo.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Qualidade dos solos, ProSolos, Contaminação dos solos, Atlas digital, Cartografia de suscetibilidade, Geografia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green