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Miocardiopatia dilatada associada a infeção VIH : causas e impacto na sociedade atual : revisão

Authors: Casanova, Sara Rebelo, 1992-;

Miocardiopatia dilatada associada a infeção VIH : causas e impacto na sociedade atual : revisão

Abstract

A patologia do miocárdio é vista como uma alteração importante quando se fala de doentes infetados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Destas, a miocardiopatia dilatada (MCD) constituiu a complicação mais prevalente da era pré-TARVc e uma das principais causas de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. A introdução da terapêutica combinada alterou o panorama de incidência de MCD em países desenvolvidos. Contudo, é fundamental perceber que, os doentes infetados têm maior longevidade e formas assintomáticas da doença, que não podem ser descuradas. A fisiopatologia da MCD, quando causada pelo VIH, parece ser multifatorial. Pode assim resultar de um processo de ação direta do próprio vírus, ou de ação indireta através de co-infeção, autoimunidade cardíaca, ação de citocinas inflamatórias, imunodepressão, défices nutricionais ou cardiotoxicidade por fármacos. O mecanismo de lesão basal parece ser comum a todas as causas e corresponde a um processo de miocardite, que pode ser de etiologia infeciosa ou não. Esta revisão pretende elucidar sobre o impacto que a MCD tem na atualidade, tanto em países em vias de desenvolvimento como desenvolvidos, bem como esclarecer sobre o processo fisiopatológico subjacente e inquirir sobre a necessidade de medidas de rastreio ou prevenção da doença.

Heart Muscle disease is now considered important when talking about patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Of these, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is considered the most prevalent pre-HAART complication and the major cause of congestive heart failure. Despite the introduction of this type of therapy have changed the current incidence and panorama of DCM in developed countries, the fact is that this patients also have greater longevity and asymptomatic forms of presentation, which cannot be neglected. The pathophysiology seems to be multifactorial and may be a result either of a direct action of the virus itself or of an indirect action by processes of co-infection, cardiac autoimmunity, inflammatory cytokines, immunosuppression, nutritional deficits or cardiotoxic drugs. Despite the main cause, it seems to be based on a process of myocarditis, whether infectious or not. This review aims to elucidate on the impact of DCM in both developing and developed countries, to clarify about the underlying pathophysiology and inquire about the need for screening or preventive measures.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2016

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Terapêutica TARVc, Miocardiopatia dilatada, Miocardite, Infecção VIH

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green