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Composição corporal em neoplasia da mama : relevante?

Authors: Chaves, Jéssica Eliana Vieira;

Composição corporal em neoplasia da mama : relevante?

Abstract

Introdução: O tipo de alimentação que fazemos e o nosso biotipo corporal estão intimamente relacionados com o nosso estado de saúde. No entanto, a nutrição não é ainda devidamente valorizada pela maioria dos profissionais de saúde, apesar da evidência científica que comprova que o biotipo influencia o prognóstico e a resposta ao tratamento de diversas doenças, incluindo o cancro. Objectivos: Avaliar a composição corporal de doentes com neoplasia da mama e explorar potenciais inter-relações com a histologia e estadio oncológicos; determinar o perfil de composição corporal mais prevalente nestas doentes. Doentes e Métodos: Estudo em 26 doentes com cancro de mama referenciados para Radioterapia (RT) no Serviço Radioterapia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria-CHLN. Foram avaliados parâmetros antropométricos: altura e peso actual para calcular o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), peso pré-doença e pós-RT e composição corporal por Bioimpedância Eléctrica Tetrapolar Multi-frequencial (%Massa Gorda-%MG e %Massa Magra-%MM). Resultados: Quanto à histologia dos tumores, a maioria das doentes apresentava tumores invasivos (91%). No que se refere ao estadio da doença, houve uma tendência para associação entre o aumento ponderal e os estadios mais precoces (I e II), e uma tendência para maior %MG em histologias mais agressivas de carcinoma ductal invasivo. Quanto ao IMC no início da RT, 73% das doentes tinham excesso de peso/obesidade e após a RT, esta categoria de IMC foi verificada em 70%. Quanto à variação de peso vs o início da RT, ocorreu em 97% das doentes: 69% aumentaram de peso vs peso pré-doença, e 27% diminuíram. No que respeita à composição corporal, no início da RT a maioria das doentes apresentava %MG e %MM dentro da normalidade, 40% e 32% respectivamente. Contudo, no final do tratamento, 54% das doentes apresentava excesso de MG. Conclusão: Conscientes das limitações dos resultados dado o tamanho da amostra, este estudo preliminar mostra a prevalência preocupante de excesso de peso, aumento ponderal durante tratamentos e excesso de adiposidade. Esta população apresentava um padrão de composição corporal considerado de risco na progressão da doença. Estudar factores nutricionais potencialmente implicados na etiologia e progressão do cancro é um desafio, e cada vez mais uma obrigação clínica. Dado o aumento da incidência de cancro de mama em Portugal, os nossos resultados reforçam a necessidade de um estudo nacional multicêntrico.

Background: Our usual food patterns, as well as our body biotype are intimately associated with our health status. Nevertheless, nutrition is still not correctly nor adequately valued by the majority of health professionals, despite the hard scientific evidence demonstrating that the biotype influences prognosis and the response to treatments in a diversity of diseases, with a major impact on cancer. Objectives: To assess body composition of patients with breast cancer and explore potential inter-relations with cancer histology and stage; to determine the profile and pattern of body composition in breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods: The study included 26 breast cancer patients referred for Radiotherapy (RT) at the Radiotherapy Department of the University Hospital of Santa Maria-CHLN. Evaluated parameters: height and weight to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI), pre-disease and post-RT weight and body composition using Tetrapolar Multi-Frequency Electrical Bioimpedance analysis (%Fat Massa-%FM and %FFM-%FFM). Results: As for cancer histology, the majority of patients had invasive tumors (91%). In what concerns cancer stage, there was a trend for an association between weight gain and early cancer stages (I and II), and a trend for a higher %FM to be more frequent in more aggressive histologies of invasive ductal carcinoma. BMI at the onset of RT was of overweight/obesity in 73% of patients and after RT, overweight/obesity was present in 70% of patients. Weight change vs the onset of RT occurred in 97% of patients: 69% increased weight vs pre-disease weight, and 27% lost weight. In what concerns body composition, at baseline most patients presented a %FM and %FFM within the normal range, 40% and 32% respectively. Yet, at the end of RT, 54% of patients had excess fat mass. Conclusions: Although conscious of the limitations of the results derived from the sample size, this preliminary study shows a disturbing prevalence of overweight, weight gain during treatment and excess adiposity. In the light of recent evidence, this population had a pattern of body composition considered of risk for the disease progression. To study nutritional factors potentially implicated in the etiology and progression of cancer is a clear challenge, and even more a clinical obligation. Given the increased incidence of breast cancer in Portugal, our results stress the need for a multicentre national study.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2016

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Oncologia, Avaliação nutricional, Histologia, Composição corporal, Cancro de mama

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Cancer Research