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Fracturas mandibulares na extracção de terceiros molares

Authors: Moio, Ana Rita Mendes;

Fracturas mandibulares na extracção de terceiros molares

Abstract

A extracção de terceiros molares é uma das cirurgias mais frequentemente realizadas nas consultas de cirurgia oral. Fracturas mandibulares associadas a este procedimento são complicações que raramente ocorrem. No entanto, há determinados factores que podem aumentar a predisposição para o seu desenvolvimento. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho destina-se à realização de uma revisão bibliográfica com o intuito de determinar estes possíveis factores e qual a melhor abordagem perante tal complicação operatória. As fracturas mandibulares associadas à exodontia de terceiros molares podem ser intra ou pós-operatórias e geralmente ocorrem em pacientes acima dos 25 anos de idade, do sexo masculino, totalmente dentados ou pouco cooperantes. Estas características, associadas a fragilidade óssea mandibular pré-existente ou pós-cirúrgica, aumentam o risco. O enfraquecimento mandibular pode ser devido a atrofia fisiológica, condições sistémicas ou locais patológicas, como a osteoporose ou a presença de quistos ou tumores. Um dente muito impactado ou com morfologia que requer grande remoção óssea também aumenta a predisposição para fractura. Estas características devem ser avaliadas, através de um bom exame clínico e radiológico e um cuidadoso planeamento cirúrgico deve ser elaborado, incluindo esclarecimento e informação ao paciente. A utilização imprópria dos instrumentos ou a aplicação de força excessiva no osso devem ser evitados. Como diagnóstico da fractura mandibular, o exame radiográfico é essencial, no entanto, a linha de fractura nem sempre é visível na primeira suspeita. Por outro lado, um som tipo estalido reportado pelo paciente, geralmente duas semanas após a cirurgia, é um indicador fundamental. O médico dentista, após exame clínico e radiológico apropriado, deve reduzir e estabilizar a fractura. Se necessário o paciente deve ser encaminhado para um cirurgião maxilo-facial.

The extraction of third molars is one of the most frequent procedures in oral surgery. Mandibular fractures associated with this surgery are complications that rarely occur. However, there are certain factors that may increase the predisposition to their development. This work is intended to conduct a literature review in order to determine these possible factors and how to approach this complication before surgery. The fractures associated with mandibular third molar extraction can be intra or postoperative and usually occur in patients over 25 years old, male, fully dentate or uncooperative. These characteristics, associated with pre-existent or post-surgical mandibular bone fragility, increase the risk. The reduction of bone strength may be caused by physiological atrophy, systemic conditions or pathologic processes, such as osteoporosis or the presence of cysts or tumours. A very impacted tooth or with a morphology that requires excessive bone removal also increases the predisposition to fracture. These factors should be evaluated by a thorough clinical and radiological examination, and a careful surgical plan shall be developed, including clarifying and informing the patient. The improper use of instruments or the application of excessive force on the bone shall be avoided. As a diagnosis of mandibular fracture, the radiographic examination is essential; however, the fracture line is not always visible at first. On the other hand, a cracking noise reported by the patient, usually two weeks after surgery, is a fundamental indicator. The dentist shall reduce and stabilize the fracture after proper clinical and radiological examinations. If necessary, the patient should be transferred to a maxillofacial surgeon.

Tese de mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2011

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Cirurgia oral, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Medicina Clínica, Teses de mestrado - 2011

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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