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Prototitagem rápida na reabilitação implantossuportada em doentes mandibulectomizados

Authors: Martins, Alexandra Horta;

Prototitagem rápida na reabilitação implantossuportada em doentes mandibulectomizados

Abstract

A prototipagem rápida aplicada à medicina é definida pelo fabrico de modelos dimensionalmente precisos da anatomia humana obtidos a partir de imagens médicas. Esta tecnologia tem permitido um planeamento pré-cirúrgico mais preciso, ao nível da cirurgia maxilofacial, através da obtenção de biomodelos do crânio, simulação virtual da cirurgia e navegação intra-operatória. Isto conduziu ao desenvolvimento de novas técnicas cirúrgicas, nomeadamente na reconstrução de defeitos mandibulares. A reconstrução mandibular é realizada recorrendo à utilização de retalhos recolhidos de outras partes do corpo (zonas dadoras). Existem diversos tipos de retalhos, sendo o mais utilizado o retalho microvascularizado livre, que prevê uma elevada taxa de sucesso. Na reconstrução mandibular tradicional, a reabilitação protética raramente ocorre antes dos 6 meses após a transferência do retalho, sendo este período de tempo muito desconfortável para o doente. Após a colocação dos implantes é necessário que ocorra a osseointegração, durante 4 meses na mandíbula e 6 meses para maxila; só após este período é que a prótese dentária é colocada em função. Esta tese propõe-se a explorar uma técnica alternativa: a utilização de retalhos pré-fabricados. Nesta técnica os implantes são osseointegrados na zona dadora, aguardando-se um período de cicatrização de 6 a 8 semanas. Nessa altura o retalho préfabricado pode ser transferido para reconstrução do defeito mandibular. Esta técnica permite ao doente uma reabilitação protética mais rápida, podendo iniciar uma dieta mole imediatamente após a cirurgia reconstrutiva. A colocação de próteses definitivas pode ser realizada 6 meses após a cirurgia. A taxa de sucesso desta técnica é de cerca de 95%. A prototipagem rápida assume grande importância, graças à qual é possível executar técnicas cirúrgicas de reconstrução mandibular de elevada precisão, como os retalhos pré-fabricados, alcançado resultados satisfatórios mais rapidamente para o doente.

Rapid prototyping applied to medicine is defined by the manufacture of dimensionally accurate models of human anatomy derived from medical images. This technology has allowed a more accurate pre-surgical planning [apaguei vírgula] of maxillofacial surgery by obtaining biomodels and performing virtual simulation of surgery and intraoperative navigation. This led to the development of new surgical techniques, including the reconstruction of mandible defects. The mandible reconstruction is performed through the use of flaps collected from other parts of the body (donor area). There are several types of flaps, the most used is the microvascular free flap, which provides a high success rate. In traditional mandible reconstruction, prosthetic rehabilitation rarely occurs before 6 months after the transfer of the flap, and this time may be very uncomfortable for the patient. After placement of the implants a period osseointegration is required during 4 months in the mandible and 6 months in the maxilla. After this period the dental prosthesis is placed on function. This thesis proposes to explore an alternative approach: the use of prefabricated flaps. In this technique, the implants are osseointegrated at the donor site, pending a healing period of 6 to 8 weeks. At that time the prefabricated flap can be transferred to the mandible defect. This technique allows the patient to a prosthetic rehabilitation faster and can start a soft diet immediately after the reconstructive surgery. The final prosthesis can be performed 6 months after surgery. The success rate of this technique is about 95%. Rapid prototyping is a technology of great importance, through which we can perform surgical techniques of high precision, for mandible reconstruction, such as prefabricated flaps, achieving faster satisfactory results to patients.

Tese de mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2011

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Cirurgia oral, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Medicina Clínica, Teses de mestrado - 2011

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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