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Aflatoxinas : riscos, exposição e prevenção

Authors: Faustino, Carolina Gaspar da Costa;

Aflatoxinas : riscos, exposição e prevenção

Abstract

As aflatoxinas são produzidas por fungos do género Aspergillus (Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus). Os 4 tipos principais de aflatoxinas são: a aflatoxina B1, B2, G1 e G2. A aflatoxina B1 apresenta maior toxicidade e é a mais comum ocorrer, logo será o foco principal nesta monografia. A exposição do ser humano a aflatoxinas pode ocorrer por consumo de alimentos contaminados, inalação de poeiras ou exposição cutânea. As aflatoxinas são absorvidas no trato gastrointestinal e metabolizadas principalmente no fígado pelo CYP3A4 e CYP1A2, originando os dois epóxidos da aflatoxina B1 e os metabolitos hidroxilados. O epóxido exo é o principal metabolito responsável pelo potencial tóxico e mutagénico da aflatoxina B1. A exposição crónica a aflatoxinas proporcionará o aparecimento de efeitos tóxicos, tais como: hepatotoxicidade, imunossupressão, carcinogenecidade, teratogenecidade e mutagenecidade. A prevenção dos seus efeitos tóxicos contempla estratégias para a fase pré-colheita (ex: uso de estirpes resistentes), para a fase pós-colheita (ex.: remoção física de porções contaminadas) e para quando as aflatoxinas já se encontram no organismo humano (ex.: substâncias adsorventes, quimiopreventivas e antioxidantes). Contudo, é necessário desenvolver mais estudos de compostos e metodologias preventivas, principalmente que apresentem um baixo custo associado para poderem ser aplicadas nos países em desenvolvimento, os quais são os mais afetados à exposição a aflatoxinas.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Metabolismo, Ciências da Saúde, Aflatoxinas, Toxicidade, Mestrado Integrado - 2014, Exposição, Prevenção

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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