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Células estaminais do tecido adiposo na regeneração óssea

Authors: Dias, Cláudia Sofia Sobral;

Células estaminais do tecido adiposo na regeneração óssea

Abstract

O tecido ósseo possui uma extensa capacidade de reparação. Contudo, grandes perdas ósseas devidas a lesões traumáticas, ressecções tumorais ou defeitos congénitos exigem o recurso as técnicas de Regeneração Óssea. Apesar das limitações que apresentam, os enxertos ósseos são ainda hoje considerados como “gold standard” na reparação óssea. Como forma de colmatar as limitações destas técnicas, têm sido sugeridas novas terapias baseadas no uso de células estaminais. A medula óssea tem sido uma das fontes de células estaminais mesenquimatosas mais usadas na Engenharia Tissular Óssea. No entanto, o crescente interesse em torno das investigações e do desenvolvimento das células estaminais tem conduzido á pesquisa de novas fontes. Em 2002, numa publicação da revista “Molecular Biology of the Cell”, investigadores da UCLA descreveram uma nova população de células estaminais adultas isoladas a partir do tecido adiposo. As células estaminais do tecido adiposo (ADSCs) constituem uma abundante e acessível população de células progenitoras com a capacidade de auto-renovação e de diferenciação em múltiplas linhagens celulares. Pesquisas in vitro e in vivo em diversas espécies têm demonstrado o grande potencial osteogénico das ADSCs, e a sua contribuição na reparação de defeitos ósseos. O uso destas células combinadas com uma matriz apropriada e fatores de crescimento osteoindutores constituem uma estratégia exequível e promissora para a regeneração óssea guiada. O objetivo deste trabalho de revisão centra-se na caracterização de uma população de células estaminais que tem depositado grandes esperanças no campo da Medicina Regenerativa e, na apresentação das estratégias correntes da Engenharia Tissular Óssea a partir das ADSCs.

Bone tissue has a large healing capability. However, extensive bone loss due to traumatic injury, tumor resection, or congenital defects requires bone regeneration strategies. Presently, bone grafting is the gold standard for bone repair, but presents serious limitations. As a way to overcome such limitations, stem cells application has been suggested as a possible novel therapy. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMDSCs) have been the choice, thus far, for bone Tissue Engineering. Nevertheless, the increased interest surrounding the investigation and development of stem cells has led to search of new cell sources. In 2002, researchers at UCLA published a manuscript in “Molecular Biology of the Cell” describing a novel adult stem cell population isolated from adipose tissue - the adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Adipose-derived stem cells are an abundant, readily available population of progenitor cells with the capacity to self-renew and the potential for multilineage differentiation. Recent studies have demonstrated that ADSCs have an extensive osteogenic capacity both in vitro and in vivo in several species, greatly enhancing the healing of bone defects. The use of appropriate scaffolds in combination with ADSCs and suitable growth factors provides a valuable tool for guided bone regeneration. The goal of this review is to characterize a stem cell population that has been raising great hope in Regenerative Medicine, and present the current strategies of bone tissue engineering with ADSCs.

Tese de mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2012

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Cirurgia oral, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Medicina Clínica, Teses de mestrado - 2012

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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