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A prática do mergulho e a patologia ORL : barotrauma

Authors: Caldeira, Filipe Manuel Estêvão;

A prática do mergulho e a patologia ORL : barotrauma

Abstract

O mergulho recreativo sofreu um aumento significativo de praticantes ao longo dos últimos 40 anos. Apesar de ser uma prática desportiva segura, apresenta ainda assim riscos potenciais para o mergulhador. Cerca de 80% das patologias provocadas pelo mergulho envolvem a cabeça e o pescoço e as mais comuns nos mergulhadores recreativos envolvem o sistema auditivo. Serão então abordadas as patologias mais frequentes da cabeça e pescoço do mergulhador, como a otite externa, as exostoses e o trauma provocado pelas variações de pressão (barotrauma). O barotrauma foi abordado de acordo com as suas diferentes apresentações. Considerou-se então o barotrauma do ouvido médio, que é o mais prevalente e tende a resolver espontaneamente sem sequelas. O barotrauma do ouvido interno, que embora menos frequente, é potencialmente mais grave com eventuais défices auditivos permanentes. Foram também abordados o barotrauma dos seios perinasais, habitualmente auto-limitado, mas que pode ter manifestações neurológicas e o barotrauma da face e dos dentes. Técnicas simples de equalização como a manobra de Valsava, bem como a evicção do mergulho nas situações que predisponham a uma disfunção da trompa de Eustáquio (infecções respiratórias superiores/sinusite), podem prevenir o barotrauma do ouvido e dos seios perinasais.

Recreational scuba diving has become an increasingly popular activity over the last 40 years. Despite being a safe sport, it still poses potential risks to the diver. About 80% of diving-related problems involve the head and neck, and the most common in recreational divers are those of the auditory system. The present work discusses the most frequent conditions affecting the head and neck of divers, such as external otitis, exostosis of the external ear canal and trauma caused by pressure variations (barotrauma). Barotrauma has been approached according to its different presentations. Middle ear barotrauma is the most frequent and tends to resolve spontaneously without sequelae. Inner ear barotrauma, which, although less common, is potentially more severe and can lead to permanent hearing deficits. Barotrauma of the paranasal sinuses, a condition that is usually self-limited but can manifest itself neurologically, and barotrauma of the face and teeth have also been addressed. Equalization techniques as the Valsalva maneuver, and avoiding diving in clinical situations that predispose to Eustachian tube dysfunction (upper respiratory infections/sinusitis) can assist in preventing barotrauma of the ear and paranasal sinuses.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2016

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Ouvido, Barotrauma, Mergulho

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green