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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Universidade de Lisb...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Patologia tiroideia e infertilidade feminina

Authors: Pereira, José Pedro da Silva;

Patologia tiroideia e infertilidade feminina

Abstract

O eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-tiróide exerce influência em várias vias metabólicas e fisiológicas do organismo humano, entre as quais as relacionadas com a fertilidade humana. Nos últimos anos vários estudos têm sido realizados, no que diz respeito à relação entre patologia tiroideia e fertilidade. Foi feita uma breve revisão destes mesmos estudos tentando encontrar um maior esclarecimento para esta relação. Foram encontrados recetores de hormonas tiroideias e TSH no endométrio, ovário e verificou-se que as hormonas tiroideias são importantes na correta implantação do embrião. O hipertiroidismo cursa com alterações hormonais, nomeadamente, aumento da SBHG, dos estrogénios, androgénios e da resposta da LH à GnRH. Observou-se ainda uma tendência para a fertilidade diminuída em mulheres com hipertiroidismo. O hipotiroidismo leva a uma diminuição da SBHG, dos estrogénios e androgénios circulantes, a uma atenuação da resposta da LH à GnRH e ao aumento dos níveis de PRL. Verificou-se uma prevalência aumentada de hipotiroidismo em mulheres inférteis. A presença de autoimunidade tiroideia é mais prevalente em mulheres inférteis, especialmente naquelas com SOP ou endometriose. A HOC utilizada nos ciclos de RMA pode provocar estados hipotiroideus em mulheres com patologia tiroideia prévia, devido ao aumento abrupto de estrogénios. A presença de autoimunidade tiroideia tem sido identificada como fator de insucesso nos tratamentos de RMA. Todas as mulheres em consulta de infertilidade, cuja causa de infertilidade não seja conhecida ou se suspeite de disfunção ovulatória devem ter a função e imunidade tiroideia avaliadas e os défices corrigidos antes de iniciarem tratamentos de RMA.

The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis has influence on several metabolic and physiological pathways of the human organism, including the ones related to fertility. In the last years, many studies have been performed based on the relation between thyroid disease and fertility. In this article, we have reviewed some of these studies, aiming to better understand this relation. Thyroid hormone and TSH receptors were found in endometrium, ovary, and we came to the conclusion that thyroid hormones are important for a successful embryo implantation. Hyperthyroidism causes hormonal disturbances, such as an increase in SHBG, estrogen and androgen levels, and an increase in the LH response to GnRH. In women with hyperthyroidism, a tendency to decreased fertility is noticeable. Hypothyroidism leads to decreased SHBG, estrogen and androgen levels, attenuated LH response to GnRH and increased PRL levels. A high prevalence of hypothyroidism in infertile women has been reported. The presence of thyroid autoimmunity is more prevalent in infertile women, mainly those diagnosed with POS or endometriosis. The COH, used in ART cycles, may cause hypothyroidism in women with previous thyroid disturbances due to a rapid estrogen increase. The presence of thyroid autoimmunity has been identified as a factor that contributes to failure in ART. In all women attending infertility services with unknown causes of infertility or ovulatory dysfunction, thyroid function and autoimmune status should be checked, and the deficits should be corrected before any ART cycle.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Hipotiroidismo, Reprodução medicamente assistida, Hipertiroidismo, Autoimunidade tiroideia, Infertilidade

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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