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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Universidade de Lisb...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Ciência sem experiência : do empirismo ao falsificacionismo moderado

Authors: Abreu, Francisco, 1962-;

Ciência sem experiência : do empirismo ao falsificacionismo moderado

Abstract

This thesis addresses two central challenges: discussing the relevance of the hypothesis within the framework of scientific knowledge, on one hand; and, on the other, evaluating the status of non-verifiable knowledge — thus impossible to either refute or corroborate —, seeking to determine his position regarding the frontier that separates metaphysics from science. A critical review of empiricism, positivism, induction methodology and reductionism is done, so that from this a realistic and comprehensive vision of scientific work can be reached. There is the affirmation of the inoperability of that criterion of demarcation between science and non-science which establishes that what can not be confirmed through observation–experimentation does not have scientific relevance. It is argued that the inductive methodology of discovery is founded upon an illogical process of reasoning. It is shown that the path of reductionism should not be systematically adopted. It is argued that the advance of science is obtained: (a) through abduction, which goes beyond what experience might allow to infer; (b) through total freedom to imagine audacious conjectures, which must not be forcefully circumscribed to the limits of the observed; (c) through intuition and inventive aptitude, i.e., through daring and creativity, and with the hypothesis preceding the fact, or rendering its interpretation viable. It is accepted that falsifiability is a criterion of demarcation, but, at the same time, it is argued that there is a need to conceive a new type of falsificationism, which will lead us to a new approach of research programs. The conditions which a theory, or set of theories, should respect are defined, so that, though we may have entered the realm of the non-observable, a scientificity diploma may be attributed to it. Finally, Darwinian evolutionism is used to gauge the virtues of the model that, throughout the thesis, has been argued for and suggested, based on what we have called «moderate falsificationism» and «sophisticated research programmes».

Esta tese assume dois desafios centrais: por um lado, discutir a relevância das hipóteses no quadro do conhecimento científico; por outro lado, avaliar o estatuto do conhecimento não-testável, e por conseguinte não corroborável nem refutável, com o intuito de determinar a sua posição relativamente à fronteira que separa a metafísica da ciência. Faz-se a crítica do empirismo, do positivismo, da metodologia da indução e do reducionismo, para que dela resulte uma visão realista e compreensiva do trabalho científico. Afirma-se a inoperância do critério de demarcação entre a ciência e a não-ciência que estabelece não ter relevância científica o que não puder ser confirmado ou verificado por observação-experimentação. Considera-se que a metodologia indutiva da descoberta se funda numa operação ilógica de raciocínio. Mostra-se que o caminho do reducionismo não deve ser sistematicamente adoptado. Defende-se que o progresso da ciência se obtém (a) com abdução, que vai para além do que a experiência permite inferir, (b) com total liberdade para imaginar conjecturas audaciosas, que não devem circunscrever-se obrigatoriamente aos limites do observado, (c) com intuição e capacidade inventiva, enfim, com atrevimento e criatividade, e com a hipótese a preceder o facto, ou a viabilizar a sua interpretação. Aceita-se a falsificabilidade como critério de demarcação, mas ao mesmo tempo defende-se a necessidade de conceber um novo tipo de falsificacionismo que nos háde conduzir a uma nova abordagem aos programas de investigação. São definidas as condições que uma teoria ou conjunto de teorias deve respeitar para que, apesar de com ela termos penetrado na esfera do não-observável, se lhe possa atribuir um diploma de cientificidade. Finalmente, o evolucionismo darwinista é usado para aferir as virtudes do modelo que ao longo da tese se fundamentou e sugeriu, assente naquilo que se designa por «falsificacionismo moderado» e «programas de investigação sofisticados ».

Tese de doutoramento, Filosofia (Epistemologia e Filosofia das Ciências), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2010

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Empirismo, Indução (Lógica), Filosofia da ciência, Teses de doutoramento - 2010, Evolucionismo, Falseabilidade (Epistomologia), Abdução (Lógica), Ciência, Epistomologia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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