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A responsabilidade civil por incumprimento das responsabilidades parentais

Authors: Maroja, Juliana Duarte;

A responsabilidade civil por incumprimento das responsabilidades parentais

Abstract

Abandonando uma concepção anacrônica de intangibilidade da família e compreendendo a relatividade da imunidade familiar, alcança-se a percepção de que as condutas perpetradas por cada membro da sociedade familiar não estão isentas da ingerência do Estado. A compreensão do conceito da responsabilidade parental como um poder-dever aponta a existência de deveres jurídicos que também se submetem, nos ordenamentos jurídicos brasileiro e português, ao crivo das regras gerais da responsabilidade civil, cujos descumprimentos acarretam o dever jurídico de ressarcir. Apresenta-se tal instituto com finalidade absolutamente diversa das denominadas providências familiares, tais como suspensão do poder familiar, visto que não visa compensar os prejuízos advindos do malcuidado recebido pelos pais. O vínculo jurídico na relação estabelecida entre pais e filhos surge a partir do nascimento do infante, advindo, portanto, deveres jurídicos preexistentes ao cometimento do ato ilícito e, como tal, subordina-se às regras da responsabilidade civil obrigacional. Sua classificação diz respeito às consequências no regime da prova da culpa, influenciando, assim, a matéria relativa à distribuição da carga probatória; bem como em relação aos prazos prescricionais aplicáveis às espécies. Com base nessas perspectivas, imprescindível a identificação dos critérios de imputação, com vistas a excluir da esfera dos atos ilícitos as condutas inseridas num contexto do risco permitido, ou seja, no risco geral da vida, não olvidando a indispensabilidade de analisar minunciosamente os pressupostos da responsabilidade civil.

By abandoning an anachronistic conception of family inviolability and understanding the relativity of family immunity, the perception that the conduct performed by each member of the family is not exempt from state interference is reached. The understanding of the concept of parental responsibility as power-duty points to the existence of legal duties that, in the Brazilian and Portuguese legal system, also undergo the scrutiny of the general rules of civil liability, rules that demand compensation if disobeyed. Such institute is presented with a diverse purpose from the so-called family arrangements, such as suspension of family power, since it does not aim at compensating for the losses resulting from parents careless behavior towards their children. The legal relationship established between parents and children starts at the infant's birth, what leads to the understanding that legal duties have existed before the perpetration of the illegal act and, as such, this act is subject to the rules of obligatory civil liability. The classification of the act concerns the consequences of proving guilt, thus influencing the matter on the distribution of the burden of proof; as well as in relation to limitation periods applicable to the kinds of act. Based on these perspectives, it is essential to identify the criteria for responsibility in order to exclude the conducts which are considered as having an allowed risk from the sphere of illegal acts, that is, in the overall risk of life, not forgetting the necessity to deeply analyze the assumptions of civil liability.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Direito da família, Teses de mestrado - 2015, Responsabilidade parental, Responsabilidade civil, Incumprimento, Direito

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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