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Estudo da biomassa florestal residual consumida em centrais termoelétricas

Authors: Fernandes, Patrícia Isabel Caramona;

Estudo da biomassa florestal residual consumida em centrais termoelétricas

Abstract

O presente estudo foi desenvolvido no âmbito do projeto “BiomAshTech – Impactos da cinza durante a conversão termoquímica de biomassa” e decorreu no Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG). Um dos maiores problemas inerentes à utilização de biomassa florestal em centrais termoelétricas ou de co-geração é a qualidade e a variabilidade da biomassa. A biomassa utilizada nas maiores centrais termoelétricas em Portugal consiste em biomassa florestal residual, maioritariamente resultante de processos de abate de árvores e limpeza das florestas e também de resíduos de preparação de madeira para processos industriais, nomeadamente para produção de pasta de celulose, que utilizam cascas e ramagens de árvores, principalmente, de eucalipto e pinheiro. A qualidade e variabilidade desta biomassa florestal residual é principalmente afetada pela presença de humidade e fragmentos de solo e pedras, que são incorporados durante a recolha ou que aderem às partes mais expostas ao ambiente natural. Para além de constituir uma perda de valor económico e energético, a presença de elevadas quantidades de água e inertes na biomassa utilizada como combustível, pode resultar em problemas operacionais relacionados com a instabilidade do processo de combustão e acumulação de cinzas e pedras que têm de ser retirados das instalações e eliminados convenientemente ou reaproveitados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi assim o de avaliar a qualidade da biomassa consumida numa central termoelétrica e estudar a possibilidade de separação das frações inorgânicas. Para tal efetuou-se a caracterização detalhada de amostras de biomassa florestal residual retiradas da linha de alimentação de combustível de uma central termoelétrica. Analisaram-se também subamostras das biomassas separadas com diferentes granulometrias. A caracterização individual de cada fração revelou que o teor de matéria inorgânica (cinzas) e outros constituintes inorgânicos indesejáveis é mais elevado nas frações de menor granulometria, pelo que a separação das referidas frações pode resultar numa biomassa de melhor qualidade. No entanto, verificou-se que estas frações com maior conteúdo de cinzas ou matéria inorgânica possuem alguma biomassa com conteúdo calorífico, pelo que deve ser ponderada a utilidade desta separação pelos utilizadores de biomassa nas centrais termoelétricas.

The current study was developed based on the scope of the “BiomAshTech – Impactos da cinza durante a conversão termoquímica de biomassa” project and was developed in Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG). One of the main problems related with the use of forestry biomass in thermal power plants or co-generation power plants is the quality and variability of the biomass. The biomass used in the main thermoelectric power plants in Portugal consists of residual forestry biomass, mainly resulting from harvesting or forest cleaning and also residues from the pre-treatment of wood for industrial process, namely for the production of cellulose for the paper industry, using bark and branches from trees, mainly of pine and eucalypyus. The quality and variability of this residual forestry biomass is mainly affected by the presence of both moisture and soil and stone fragments which are incorporated during the forest collection or adhere to parts of trees more exposed to the natural environment. The presence of high quantities of water and inerts in the biomass used as fuel, not only lowers its economical value and energy recovery, but may also cause the instability of the combustion process and accumulation of ashes and stones that have to be either removed and eliminated or reutilized. The aim of the work was to evaluate the quality of biomass consumed in thermoelectric power plant and the possibility of separation of the contaminant inorganic fractions. Thus, it was performed a detailed characterization of the biomass sampled in the feedstock supply of a thermoelectric power plants. The biomass samples were separated through screening in 3 granulometric classes and a detailed analysis was performed. The individual characterization of each fraction showed that the level of inorganic compounds increases with the decrease of granulometric, hence the separation of those fractions may result in biomass with higher quality. However, it was observed that those fractions with higher ash contents still present considerable calorific values, so the profitability of making this type of separation must be evaluated.

Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Elementos maiores, Teses de mestrado - 2015, Poder calorífico, Cinzas, Biomassa florestal residual, Biocombustíveis sólidos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green