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Anatomical glenoid replacement: a homogenized and micro-finite element analysis

Authors: Santos, Inês Isabel Gonçalves;

Anatomical glenoid replacement: a homogenized and micro-finite element analysis

Abstract

Apesar das grandes melhorias que ocorreram na artroplastia total do ombro ao longo dos últimos anos, complicações pós-cirúrgicas, como o afrouxamento do componente glenoidal, continuam a surgir em alguns pacientes. A qualidade óssea, a conformidade glenoumeral, as técnicas de cimentação, a orientação ou o design do implante são fatores que afetam a fixação do componente glenoidal, levando ao afrouxamento da mesmo. A análise de elementos finitos tem sido utilizada para avaliar os efeitos de fatores relacionados com o implante sobre os riscos de fratura e afrouxamento, usando modelos clássicos homogeneizados e simplificados, sem distinção geométrica e material entre o osso cortical e esponjoso. Observou-se em estudos anteriores que modelos representativos da escápula mais refinados fornecem uma melhor compreensão acerca da distribuição de cargas internamente e os riscos de fratura, bem como a orientação trabecular tem um efeito significativo na rigidez e resistência do osso esponjoso. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo utilizar uma combinação do modelo clássico de método de elementos finitos com o método de elementos micro-finitos para avaliar diferentes cenários de implantação de prósteses no ombro, com ênfase na distribuição de carga e os riscos de afrouxamento do componente glenoidal. Foram estudados os efeitos da correcção anatómica do glenóide, de diferentes designs do implante, condições de carga e técnicas de cimentação. Os resultados sugerem que o design de quilha proporciona uma melhor distribuição de tensões, espalhando a força compressiva mais longe da superfície glenoidal e poupando, assim, mais o osso esponjoso. A introdução de uma camada de cimento proporciona uma melhor fixação, no entanto, aumenta a tensão em torno do implante. Embora se tenham obtido resultados semelhantes com ambas as abordagens de método de elementos finitos, a abordagem de elementos micro-finitos revelou com mais precisão como o tecido ósseo interno é afetado pelo design do implante e a forma como é aplicada a força, o que pode ser útil na compreensão do mecanismo de remodelação óssea.

Despite the great improvements of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) over the last few years, after surgery complications, such as glenoid loosening, continue to arise in some patients. Bone quality, glenohumeral conformity, cementing techniques, orientation or implant design are factors that affect the fixation of the glenoid component, therefore leading to loosening. Finite element (FE) analysis has been used to evaluate the effects of implant-related factors on the risks of fracture and loosening using simplified classical homogenized models without geometrical and material distinction between the cortical and cancellous bone. It was shown that more refined models give better insights into internal load sharing and risks of fracture, as well as trabecular orientation has a significant effect in the stiffness and strength of cancellous bone. Therefore, this thesis aimed at using a combination of classical and refined micro-FE modelling of the implanted shoulder to evaluate different implantation scenarios, with emphasis at the load distribution and risks of loosening of the glenoid component. The effects of glenoid anatomic correction, different implant designs, loading conditions and cementing techniques were tested. The results suggest that the keeled implant design provides a better stress distribution, spreading the compressive load away from the glenoid surface, thus sparing more cancellous bone. The introduction of a cement layer provides better fixation, however increases stress around the implant. Although both FE approaches yielded similar results, the micro-FE approach revealed more accurately how internal bone tissue is affected by design and loading conditions, which can be useful in understanding the bone remodelling mechanism.

Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica e Biofísica, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Design de quilha e cavilha, Modelo de elementos micro-finitos, Teses de mestrado - 2014, Componente glenoidal, Afrouxamento glenoidal, Artropalstia total do ombro

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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