Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Universidade de Lisb...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
addClaim

Dieta, aterosclerose e complicações aterotrombóticas [21]

Diet, atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic events
Authors: Silva, João Alcindo Martins e, 1942-; Lopes, Maria Carlota Saldanha, 1947-;

Dieta, aterosclerose e complicações aterotrombóticas [21]

Abstract

Tem sido frequentemente referido em estudos epidemiológicos e ensaios clínicos que o tipo de dieta consumida e, em particular, a sua composição lipídica, além de se repercutir no metabolismo corporal pode interferir no desenvolvimento da aterosclerose e subsequentes complicações cardiovasculares. A dieta do “tipo ocidental” (rica em lípidos saturados, açúcares simples e sal, e pobre em peixe, vegetais e fibra) tem sido associada a uma maior tendência pró-inflamatória, próoxidante e pró-trombótica e, por consequência, a um maior risco cardiovascular. Em contraste, a dieta do “tipo Mediterrânico” (à base de mais peixe e pouca carne, fibras, fruta, vegetais e azeite e vinho) parece justificar a menor incidência de doença cardiovascular (e de cancro) nas populações consumidoras. Em posição intermédia parecem encontrar-se os grupos populacionais que consomem dietas preferencialmente ricas em ácidos gordos poli-insaturados. A actual carência de ensaios populacionais e clínicos randomizados e sob controlo rigoroso que relacionem as intervenções dietéticas com eventos cardiovasculares, primários ou secundários, poderá justificar algumas das divergências por vezes referidas. Também explicará a escassez de resultados esclarecedores sobre os mecanismos eventualmente dependentes da dieta utilizada no desenvolvimento da aterosclerose. Na generalidade, admite-se que as características morfológicas e funcionais do endotélio vascular possam ser afectados pelos constituintes absorvidos da dieta. A exposição sustentada a determinados componentes adversos poderá constituir um risco de disfunção endotelial, evidenciado pela diminuição de mediadores anti-trombóticos, anti-oxidantes, anti-inflamatórios e vasodilatadores periféricos, que constitui também um primeiro passo para a instalação da aterosclerose. Entre os principais mecanismos propostos destaca-se o efeito pró-inflamatório e próoxidante do excesso de colesterol na função endotelial, em contraste com o efeito aparentemente benéfico dos ácidos gordos mono-insaturados e os resultados mais contraditórios induzidos pelos ácidos gordos poli-insaturados.

Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have shown that diet and, in particular, the consumption of fats, influence the body's metabolism and can affect the development of atherosclerosis and resulting cardiovascular repercussions. A Western-type diet (high in saturated fats, simple sugars and salt, and low in fish, vegetables and fiber) has been associated with proinflammatory, pro-oxidative and prothrombotic tendencies and consequently higher cardiovascular risk. By contrast, a Mediterranean-type diet (with less meat and more fish, fiber, fruit, vegetables, olive oil and wine) appears to explain the lower tendency for cardiovascular disease (and cancer) in those who consume it. Between these two are population groups who prefer diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The lack of randomized and rigorously controlled population and clinical trials relating types of diet to primary or secondary cardiovascular events may explain some of the disagreements surrounding this subject. It would also explain the lack of results that shed light on diet-dependent mechanisms that may affect the development of atherosclerosis. In general, it is accepted that the morphologic and functional characteristics of vascular endothelium are influenced by the components absorbed from the diet. Prolonged exposure to certain harmful components in the diet may increase the risk of endothelial dysfunction, as shown by a decrease in antithrombotic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and peripheral vasodilatory modulators, which represents the first step towards the onset of atherosclerosis. Among the main mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction are the proinflammatory and prooxidative effects of excess cholesterol, in contrast with the apparent benefit of monounsaturated fatty acids and the less consistent results obtained with polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Copyright © 2007 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. All rights reserved.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Endothelium, Fatty acids, Atherosclerosis, Diet

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!