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Article . 2007
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Aleitamento materno: prevalência e factores condicionantes.

Breastfeeding : prevalence and determinant factors
Authors: Sandes, Ana Rita; Nascimento, C.; Figueira, J.; Gouveia, R.; Valente, S.; Martins, S.; Correia, S.; +2 Authors

Aleitamento materno: prevalência e factores condicionantes.

Abstract

O leite materno constitui o melhor alimento para o bebé nos primeiros quatro a seis meses de vida. No entanto, em Portugal, a taxa de abandono do aleitamento materno é muito importante logo nos primeiros meses de vida do bebé. Objectivos: Avaliar a prevalência do aleitamento materno e identificar factores determinantes da amamentação nos primeiros seis meses pós-parto, nomeadamente características socioeconómicas e estilos de vida. Material e Métodos: Estudo longitudinal prospectivo abrangendo 475 puérperas na Maternidade do Hospital Santa Maria – Lisboa, baseado em questionários directos aplicados no pós-parto, aos 3 e 6 meses. As variáveis incluídas permitiram caracterizar factores socio-económicos, estilos de vida e o tipo de aleitamento nos primeiros seis meses após o parto. Foi realizada análise multivariada. Resultados: Das puérperas estudadas (idade média 29,8 ± 5,4 anos) 52,2 % eram primíparas, 86,1% caucasianas, com escolaridade correspondente ao ensino secundário em 40% e universitário em 33%. A vigilância regular da gravidez ocorreu em 96,8%, a idade gestacional média dos recém nascidos foi de 38,8 ± 2,1 semanas e o peso ao nascer de 3198,3 ± 545,3 gramas. À saída da maternidade, 91% das puérperas amamentavam o seu filho (77,7% em exclusividade) tendo esta percentagem diminuído para 54,7% aos três meses e 34,1% aos seis meses. As causas referidas para o abandono foram a hipo ou agalactia, a má pega e o regresso ao trabalho. De notar que em 68,6% a iniciativa de prescrever a fórmula coube ao médico assistente. A decisão da mulher em manter o aleitamento aos três e aos seis meses foi influenciada pela experiência positiva de amamentar, o nível educacional mais elevado, o não-tabagismo, a prática de exercício físico e a informação sobre as vantagens da amamentação para a saúde materna. A fonte de informação sobre o aleitamento materno coube, por ordem decrescente, aos meios de comunicação, amigos e família e aos profissionais de saúde (9%), sendo que 13% não tinham tido qualquer informação. Conclusão: A taxa de aleitamento materno à saída da maternidade foi elevada mas verificou-se uma acentuada taxa de abandono aos três e aos seis meses. Os estilos de vida saudáveis, o nível educacional elevado e a experiência de amamentar positiva tiveram influência positiva na amamentação. A compreensão das atitudes perante a gravidez e o aleitamento materno pode levar a novas estratégias de intervenção para a sua promoção e manutenção.

Breastfeeding:Prevalence and Determinant Factors Breastfeeding is the best way of feeding the baby for the first six months of life. However, in Portugal the abandonment rate of breastfeeding is very high during the baby first’s months of life. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of breastfeeding and to identify related factors during the six months after delivery, as sociodemographic variables and life styles. We conducted a cohort study at the Maternity of the Hospital Santa Maria. A standard questionnaire was applied to 475 women after delivery, at three and six months postpartum. We studied socio demographics aspects, life styles and the way of feeding during the six months after delivery. Multivariate analysis was performed. The women studied (mean age of 29,8 +/- 5,4 years), 52,2% were primiparous, 86,1% were Caucasian, 40% had a high school degree and 33% had a University degree. Four hundred and sixty (96,8%) received prenatal care. The mean gestational age was 38,8 +/- 2 weeks and the birth weight was 3198,3 +/- 545,3 g. At the discharge 91% were breastfeeding (77% exclusively), 54,7% at third month and 34,1% at sixth month. The main causes pointed for abandoning breastfeeding were insufficient milk production, bad sucking and return to work. The milk formula introduction was in 68,6% cases by medical recommendation. The decision in maintenance breastfeeding at third and sixth months was correlated with a previous positive breastfeed experience, high educational level, healthy lifestyles, as non-smoking, regular physical activity, and information about advantage of breastfeed for mother health. Information about breastfeeding was received by media, friends, family and only 9% by health professionals. Fifty (13%) women had no information about breastfeeding. Although breastfeeding rate at discharge was high, there was an important rate of abandonment at third and sixth month. Healthy lifestyles, high educational level, a previous positive breastfeed experience had a positive influence in breastfeeding. Understanding attitudes towards pregnancy and breastfeeding can lead to new strategies for its promotion and maintenance.

Trabalho realizado com o apoio dos Laboratórios Abbot Portugal.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Medicine (General), R5-920, R, Medicine

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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