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Direitos humanos e propriedade intelectual

Authors: Cardassi, Helena de Sá;

Direitos humanos e propriedade intelectual

Abstract

O tema deste estudo refere-se à discussão sobre o acesso a medicamentos e ao direito a proteção das patentes farmacêuticas, seja na esfera nacional (brasileira), seja pela ordem jurídica internacional. Tais esferas são complementares e harmônicas entre si, eis que possuem como fundamento os direitos humanos, os quais englobam o direito à vida, à dignidade e ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Tanto o Brasil como os demais países do Globo construíram os direitos humanos com base nos trabalhos das organizações internacionais, como a Organização das Nações Unidas. Da mesma forma, a propriedade intelectual se aperfeiçoou e se consolidou no sistema jurídico de cada país, mas sempre com o alicerce de tais organizações, e aqui, especificamente, a Organização Mundial do Comércio e alguns importantes Acordos e Convenções Internacionais, como o Trips e a Convenção de Doha, não deixando de citar a Convenção de Paris. Tais legislações tem como escopo complementarem-se entre si, não havendo exclusão ou sobreposição de normas. Assim, a principal questão se concentra na utilização das flexibilidades disponíveis às regras do comércio internacional, objetivamente presentes no Acordo Trips. Isto é, a possibilidade e a aceitabilidade de aplicação de tais medidas flexíveis, quando se trata do acesso a medicamentos essenciais a vida humana. Para tal, tem-se um notável paradigma entre os países desenvolvidos e os ainda em desenvolvimento, uma vez que alguns priorizam o desenvolvimento e o interesse privado, enquanto buscam nos direitos humanos o alicerce necessário para se obter a tal flexibilidade das patentes farmacêuticas. Destarte, tenta-se concluir que o ideal seria a conjunção dos parâmetros internacionais e nacionais, obedecendo as diferenças e responsabilizando todos os envolvidos desta discussão, como os próprios Estados, por meio de políticas públicas e produção de medicamentos genéricos; as indústrias farmacêuticas, a fim de atribuir preços diferenciados aos remédios; e ainda os, tidos, países desenvolvidos, para que haja a transferência de tecnologia aos menos desenvolvidos; visando sempre a compatibilidade entre o acesso a medicamentos e o direito as patentes farmacêuticas, para que se alcance o desenvolvimento progressivo e sustentável.

This study relates to the discussion on medicines access and legal protection of pharmaceutical patents, either at the in domestic market (Brazilian), or in international legal order. Such spheres are complementary and harmonious with each other, here they have as the foundation of human rights, which include the right to life, dignity and sustainable development. Either in Brazil or worldwide, the human rights are built based on the work of international organizations, like the United Nations Organization. Likewise, intellectual property improved and consolidated itself in the legal system of each country, but always basis on the foundation of such organizations, and here, specifically, the World Trade Organization and some important international conventions and agreements, such as TRIPS and Doha Convention, not leaving to mention the Paris Convention. Such legislation has as scoped to complementary themselves, with no exclusion or overlapping rules. So, the main question focuses on the use of trade rules available internationally, present in the TRIPS Agreement. That is, the possibility and acceptability of implementing such flexible measures when it comes to access to essential medicines human life. To this end, it has been a remarkable paradigm between developed and still developing countries, since some has prioritized development and private interest, while seek in human rights the foundation necessary to achieve such flexibility of pharmaceutical patents. Thus, tries to conclude that the ideal would be a combination of nationally and internationally standards, obeying the differences and occasionally blamingeveryone involved in this discussion, as the states, through public policy and production of generic drugs; pharmaceutical companies, the order to assign different prices for drugs; and still, considered developed countries, so there is technology transfer to least developed, always seeking compatibility between access to medicines and the pharmaceutical patents rights, for achieving the progressive development and sustainable.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Direitos do homem, Teses de mestrado - 2013, Direito à saúde, Patente, Propriedade intelectual, Medicamentos genéricos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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