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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Dos direitos da pessoa humana

convivência entre os diferentes planos de protecção
Authors: Francisco, Miguel Tavares Zenha;

Dos direitos da pessoa humana

Abstract

O nosso objectivo é o de tentar saber se, em primeiro lugar, faz sentido uma protecção imediata dos direitos da pessoa humana: será que o ideal kantiano de um Direito Público da Humanidade, em tese, tem razão de ser? Como base, convém ter presente as principais teorias das relações internacionais que, ao explicarem o panorama das relações entre os Estados, nos podem elucidar sobre a possibilidade de semelhante ideal. Analisando com especial detalhe o idealismo e o construtivismo, somos da opinião que, como base, há a cultura construtivista e os factores materiais caros a esta perspectiva; o maquiavelismo e hobessianismo realista, nada propõe, já que a sua conclusão é a de uma inutilidade de uma governança global. Contudo, o ideal kantiano de um Direito Público da Huminadade presta-se, em nossa opinião, a alguns equívocos. Julgamos que Kant pretendia um modelo menos ambicioso de harmonia de interesses: queria uma salvaguarda da dignidade mais básica do indivíduo, a título temporário, e não um governo mundial concentrado, como são as propostas de Habermas ou Archibugi, por exemplo.E é essa a nossa proposta:um direito cosmopolita que se consubstancie “só”na protecção (imediata)do ser humano. Será um terceiro patamar ,paralelo, em relação às jurisdições interna e internacional. Talvez só na Europa se possa falar, como já acontece em algumas instituições, de uma governança cuja base sejam os cidadãos v- os povos da Europa - e não já os Estados de que são nacionais. Defendendo, partindo de Cassese, um modelo de intervenção pela força sempre que estiverem em causa violações sérias dos direitos humanos, na segunda parte do trabalho queremos saber se há,de facto,afloramentos de direito cosmopolita no mundo. Em termos estritamente concretos, somente o Tribunal Penal Internacional possui, se bem que a título bastante mitigado, materializações do ideal de protecção do indivíduo enquanto titular de direitos que não carecem da mediação do Estado. Uma disciplina de Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos pode possuir bases dogmáticas para se libertar do Direito Internacional e, aí, materializar o ideal de um Direito Público da Humanidade.

Our aim is to know if a direct protection of human rights makes sense, first of all, in a theoretical basis. The most important international relations' thesis may help us in the task concerning the pursuit of such a goal. Having the so called idealism and the English school of thought as landmarks, we share the opinion that, in the field of the relations among sovereign states, culture does have an important role as a foundation as well as the material factors: they can shape the overviews. Being so, the streams named realistic do not provide an answer for the reason that a global governance is seen as a chimera. However, even the Kantian proposal can have some misinterpretations. Our analysis on the Kant's ideal of a Perpetual Peace leads us to the judgment that this philosopher only glared as possible a project circumscribed to the most essential dignity of the human being, namely, a more effective protection of the human rights. A global governance, in our view, does not fit in his construction. Therefore, our opinion is that “just” a cosmopolitan law concerning the strongest human rights protection makes sense: this will be a third baseline in a parallel relationship with the civil and international law. We can, maybe, only see a more direct governance in Europe, where, for instance in the Parliament, we glance to the people of Europe's representation instead of their states. Starting from Cassese's ideal, we propose a military intervention, within narrow cumulative requisites. On the second part of the work, we try to point out real embodiments of this kantian ideal. In that respect, just the International Criminal Court has, and within some particular singularities, a face that can be approachable to the cosmopolitan view. An international human rights law may represent a solid dogmatic basis enduring the ideal of a public law of humanity but always in a parallel dimension.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Relações internacionais, Direitos do homem, Dignidade da pessoa humana, Teses de mestrado - 2014, Direito internacional público, Cosmopolitismo

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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