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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Universidade de Lisb...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Análise de cloroalcanos em águas de consumo humano por LLE-GC/ECD

Authors: Lopes, Charlotte Andrea de Jesus;

Análise de cloroalcanos em águas de consumo humano por LLE-GC/ECD

Abstract

O presente trabalho teve como objectivo o desenvolvimento de um método de ensaio para análise de cloroalcanos C10-C13 (SCCPs) na água captada e no sistema de abastecimento da EPAL (Empresa Portuguesa de Águas Livres, S.A). Este trabalho faz uma breve introdução à EPAL, como entidade gestora de água de abastecimento público bem como um enquadramento legal relacionado com o meio ambiente, em especial à água e aos compostos em estudo. O trabalho iniciou-se com a optimização das condições cromatográficas para aumentar a sensibilidade e a resolução cromatográfica. De seguida, o método GC/ECD foi validado para os compostos em estudo pela aplicação de diversos testes estatísticos, que permitiram definir o intervalo de linearidade, a gama de trabalho, os limiares analíticos e a precisão em condições de repetibilidade. Após definidas as condições cromatográficas, iniciou-se a optimização das condições de extracção líquido-líquido, como técnica de preparação da amostra. Nesta fase foram testados diferentes solventes de extracção e foram optimizadas as condições operacionais, nomeadamente, o volume de solvente e a etapa de concentração do extracto (fluxo de azoto e temperatura). O método de LLE-GC/ECD foi validado para os compostos em estudo, através da aplicação de diversos testes estatísticos que permitiram definir os limiares analíticos, a precisão, o efeito de matriz e a estimativa da incerteza do método de ensaio. O método validado foi aplicado à análise de amostras representativas dos diversos pontos de colheita da EPAL, com o objectivo de avaliar os diferentes tipos de água captada (água superficial e água subterrânea) e distribuída (reservatórios, adutores e água da torneira) por esta empresa gestora de água, no que respeita à presença dos compostos em estudo. Iniciou-se a extracção em fase sólida (SPE) como técnica alternativa de preparação da amostra, de forma a poder automatizar o processo.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method for chloralkanes C10-C13 (SCCPs) in water collected and distributed by EPAL (Empresa Portuguesa de Aguas Livres, SA). This report makes a brief description of EPAL, the company responsible for public supply of drinking water in Lisbon. A legal framing and an environmental approach on the chloroalkanes and water issues are presented. The study began with the optimization of the chromatographic conditions to increase the sensitivity and chromatographic resolution. Then, the GC/ECD was validated for the compounds under study through the application of several statistical methods which allow defining the linearity range, working range, analytical limits and precision (under repeatability conditions). After defined the chromatographic conditions, it started to optimize the conditions of liquid-liquid extraction as sample preparation technique. Several operational conditions of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were also tested, namely different extraction solvents, the volume of solvent and the elute concentration step (nitrogen flow rate and temperature). The LLE-GC/ECD method was validated for the compounds under study by applying several statistical tests which allow defining the accuracy, the effect of matrix and estimating uncertainty of the method. This validated method was applied in the analysis of water samples collected in several sampling points located in the EPAL water supply system. This study allowed us to characterize different types of water: surface water, groundwater, reservoirs, tap water and drinking water collected in several points of the distribution system. We beging the solid phase extraction (SPE) as an alternative to sample preparation procedure which allows to automate the process.

Tese de mestrado, Controlo da Qualidade e Toxicologia dos Alimentos, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2012

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Água, Detector de captura electrónica, Teses de mestrado - 2012, Cromatografia gasosa, Cloroalcanos C10-C13

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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