The spread of invasive alien species is strongly associated with the rapid acceleration of human trade, tourism, transport, and travel over the past century, which have allowed these species to overcome natural geographic barriers. The best strategy to prevent the spread of invasive species is quarantine and eradication of initial foci. However, when invasive species appear to be established, the best approach should focus on containment and decreasing their impact through specific control measures. In this context, considering the rapid spread of the two palm pest species recently introduced in the Mediterranean area-Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil, RPW) and Paysandisia archon (palm borer moth, PBM)- strong efforts are needed to prevent their further expansion and extensive environmental and economic impact. This chapter aims to provide tools to strengthen the capabilities of the countries or regions dealing with the problems associated with these invasive species in the future. A brief overview of European Community legislation regarding introduction, control, and eradication (when available) of both pest species is provided. The importance of the involvement and commitment of local authorities in the control efforts is also discussed.