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Síntese e avaliação biológica de novas saponinas imunoactivas

Authors: Costa, Maria do Céu; Eleutério, I.; Ramos, S.; Alves, S.; Ley, S.; Cardoso, Fernando; Schmidt, R. R.;

Síntese e avaliação biológica de novas saponinas imunoactivas

Abstract

A saponina QS21 é uma saponina natural extraída da casca das árvores endémicas da América do Sul conhecida por desempenhar um papel importante como adjuvante de vacinas. O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar se os análogos sintéticos mais simples da QS-21 podem induzir respostas imunes com igual vantagem. Para isso, foram desenhados e sintetizados os ácidos 3-ß -O-(ß -D-xilopiranosil)-(1? 3)-[(ß -D-galactopiranosil)-(1? 2)]-6-ß -Dglucurónicos derivados de colestanol e amirina 1 e 2, respectivamente, ligando primeiro resíduos glucósidos ao terpeno e estendendo depois a cadeia de açúcar. A sua actividade adjuvante foi avaliada in vitro através da secreção de mediadores pró-inflamatórios de células IL-6 e IL-1, TNF-a e NO e os níveis de IgG no soro depois da estimulação in vivo das células apresentadoras de antigénio (APCs) . Os compostos 1 e 2 foram bastante mais citotóxicos para as células tumorais J744A.1 de murino do que a QS21 e mostraram menos actividade hemolítica indesejada nos glóbulos vermelhos do que a QS-21, mas não induziram respostas citotóxicas CD8 fortes após uma única injecção, o que aconteceu no processo de imunização com ovalbumina e QS-21. Apesar de os análogos 1 e 2 apresentarem boa actividade adjuvante in vitro, a ausência do grupo aldeído e da cadeia acilo é provavelmente o que afecta negativamente as propriedades das saponinas simplificadas para induzir células T citotóxicas activas em ratinhos.

QS21 is a natural saponin extracted with water from the bark of endemic trees of South America which has been shown to play a key role as vaccine adjuvant. The aim of this study was to determine if simpler synthetic analogues of QS-21 could induce similar advantageous immune responses. For this purpose we designed and synthesized both the cholestanyl- and amirinyl-3-ß -O-(ß -D-xylopyranosyl)-(1? 3)-[(ß -D-galactopyranosyl)-(1? 2)]-6-ß -D-glucuronic acid 1 and 2, respectively, by first attaching the glucoside residues to the terpene and then extending the sugar chain. The secretion of the pro-inflammatory cell mediators IL-6 and IL-1, TNF-a and NO and the IgG serum levels after in vivo stimulation of APCs with 1 and 2, were used to assess their adjuvant activity in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 were stronger cytotoxic for murine J744A.1 tumor cells than QS21 and showed less undesired hemolytic activity on red blood cells than QS-21, but did not induce strong cytotoxic CD8 responses after a single injection, while immunization with ovalbumin and QS-21 did. Although synthetic analogues 1 and 2 show good adjuvant activity in vitro it is probably the lack of the aldehyde group and the acyl chain that negatively affects the simplified saponins properties to induce active cytotoxic T cells in mice.

Revista Lusófona de Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

CASE STUDIES, ESTUDOS DE CASO, MEDICINE, MEDICINA, VACCINATION, PLANTAS, PLANTS, VACINAÇÃO, IMUNOLOGIA, IMMUNOLOGY

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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