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La ciudad hispanoamericana, medieval, renacentista y americana

Authors: Nicolini, Alberto;

La ciudad hispanoamericana, medieval, renacentista y americana

Abstract

El proyecto urbano forma parte de la cultura de una época y se vincula con las categorías estilísticas de esa cultura. En este artículo, examinamos los distintos aspectos de las ciudades hispanoamericanas que fueron proyectadas y trazadas en el siglo XVI, en relación a la cultura de la sociedad "hispano-americana" que estilísticamente vivió el pasaje de la Edad Media al Renacimiento y el encuentro con lo americano. Antes de 1530, las fundaciones en el Caribe y Tierra Firme practicaron un urbanismo medieval, regular pero lejano de la cuadrícula y funcionalmente policéntrico. Afirmamos que en la nueva ciudad hispanoamericana inventada como cuadrícula urbana hacia 1530, el renacimiento es la categoría dominante de su estructura urbana y de su organización funcional. Regularidad, geometría, modulación, simplicidad, centralidad son las cualidades que la colocan en armónica relación con el ambiente renacentista de los tiempos de la corte del emperador. Pero también en la ciudad cuadricular pueden encontrarse rasgos del paisaje urbano de carácter medieval como también una sorprendente escala en el tamaño de las manzanas y de la plaza mayor que sugieren un origen americano.-----------------------------------------------------------------The urban project is related to the correspondent culture of each epoch and the stylistic categories of that culture. In this article, we shall examine different aspects of sixteenth century Spanish American urban projects as a social Spanish-American phenomenon of the new world in the transition from de Middle Ages to Renaissance and the clash with the American. Before 1530, Caribbean and Tierra Firme Spanish foundations, which put into practice a Medieval urbanism, were made with fairly regular "traza" or city plan but did not conform a grid pattern or a central space grouping all the major buildings. We assume that, around 1530, new cities were laid out in checkerboard arrangement; the urban structure and the functional organization are of renaissance character. The main qualities of this urban design are regularity, geometry, modulation, simplicity and centrality, the same renaissance qualities we see in the architectural public design at the times of Charles V. But we can also observe medieval forms in the townscape of the new cities and an astonishing scale of the blocks and the "plaza"(major square), that suggest an American origin.

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Spain
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Keywords

central square, historia urbana, Fine Arts, iglesia matriz, mudéjar, mudéjar, checkerboard, renacimiento, N, NX440-632, ciudad hispanoamericana, major, cuadrícula, grid, Spanish American city, Renaissance, History of the arts, urban history, Historia urbana, iglesia matriz, plaza central, damero, Renacimiento

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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