In this study, we documented the progress occurred in the country in reducing child labor between 1992 and 2008, and the challenges that still need to be met to their complete eradication. Brazil has been successful in adopting policies focused to eliminate child labor which has declined sharply since the early 90s. Despite the improvement in socioeconomic conditions of households, specific policies aimed at eradicating child labor have been the most relevant factor to reduce the prevalence of children in the labor market, accounting for more than 80% of the decline in child labor in 15 years. But despite all the progress, the number of working children is still high and the incidence is much greater in lower socioeconomic groups, where the incidence of child labor is four times the national average.