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Compensação do ângulo de escorregamento num sistema de direção

Aplicação ao UBIcar
Authors: Rafael, Maurício Damião;

Compensação do ângulo de escorregamento num sistema de direção

Abstract

É do conhecimento geral que o comportamento em curva de um veículo motorizado é importante na sua condução. Havendo uma falha no dimensionamento da direção é o suficiente para que este veículo não se deixe manobrar da forma que o seu condutor pretende, causando um grande problema tanto para a segurança, como para a poupança de combustível e de pneus. A relação geométrica das várias rodas da direção tem que ser variável, dependendo da velocidade, da distribuição do peso, das características do pneu e principalmente da curva. Existem vários sistemas possíveis para a correção deste problema, mas todos se baseiam na Geometria de Ackermann, que, respondendo às características geométricas da curva e do veículo, impõe a relação correta entre as rodas direcionais com o mínimo erro possível. Para o veículo em estudo, o UBIcar– o veículo desenvolvido na Universidade da Beira Interior para a competição Shell Eco-marathon - foi desenvolvido anteriormente um sistema de direção fixo, que minimiza o erro geométrico. Este sistema é implementado logo na construção do veículo, não podendo ser adaptado a alguma alteração das suas características. Coloca-se a questão da deformação da borracha dos pneus: não se tratando de corpos rígidos, provoca uma alteração na geometria deste sistema. Esta deformação irá criar um ângulo entre a orientação da roda e a real direção do movimento desta, fazendo com que o veículo não se comporte exatamente como calculado; a este ângulo chamamos de ângulo de escorregamento (ou Slip angle). O objetivo deste trabalho é corrigir exatamente esse ângulo, instantaneamente, com o movimento do UBIcar, sendo possível alterar os parâmetros sempre que seja necessário, sem que haja uma necessidade de reconstrução física do veículo.

It is well known that curved behavior in a motor vehicle is important in its behavior. If there is a failure in the steering dimensioning, it’s enough that this vehicle does not allow itself to be maneuvered in the way that its driver intends, making this a great problem regarding to safety as well to fuel and tire saving. The ratio of the various steering wheels must be variable, depending on the speed, the weight distribution, the tire characteristics and especially the curve. There are several possible systems for correcting this problem, but all are based on Ackermann Geometry, which, responding to the curve and car’s geometric characteristics, provides the correct ratio between its wheels with the minimum possible error. For the studied vehicle, UBIcar - car developed at the University of Beira Interior for the Shell Eco-marathon competition - has been previously developed a fixed steering system that corrects the error to the minimum. This system is implemented soon in the construction of the vehicle, and can’t be adapted to any changes to vehicle’s characteristics. The issue is the deformation of rubber tires, not being rigid bodies, which causes a change in the geometry of this system. This deformation will create an angle between wheel’s orientation and its actual direction, so that the car does not behave exactly as calculated - at this angle we call Slip Angle. The function of this work is to correct exactly this angle instantaneously with the movement of UBIcar, being possible to change the parameters whenever it is necessary, without there being a need of physical reconstruction of the vehicle.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Poupança de Pneus, Geometria de Ackermann, Mecanismos de Direção, Ubicar, Ângulo de Escorregamento, Poupança de Combustível, Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletromecânica

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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