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A língua como apoio à luta armada basca

Authors: Nazaré, Jorge Manuel dos Santos;

A língua como apoio à luta armada basca

Abstract

O tema central desta investigação situa-se na utilização do Euskera como componente do nacionalismo basco e a sua contribuição na luta pela independência do território e o que daí derivou. Analisado o protonacionalismo experimentado na região, será feita uma retrospetiva aos principais tipos de nacionalismos, nomeadamente através da comparação da situação do Norte de Espanha. A autodeterminação basca sofreu um enorme Impulso com as ideias de Sabino Arana, sobre o conceito de raça e idioma e culturas superiores do povo basco em relação ao espanhol, dando origem ao antigo Partido Nacionalista Vasco, passou por décadas de letargia, até ressurgir pela mão grupo terrorista ETA. Esta instituição criada na altura para fazer apenas pressão política, cedo se apoderou da sociedade basca, controlando toda a sua atividade política económica e cultural, desenhando ela os destinos da língua. Sendo Euskadi uma comunidade com identidades culturais muito próprias, estas vão ser exponenciadas com vista a conseguir-se a autodeterminação. Lutando sempre contra Madrid, o aparecimento da democracia escreve uma página importante na vida do Euskera e de seus simpatizantes ao proclamar o governo central espanhol a sua co oficialização em 1979. Com a entrada na democracia e na posse dos destinos dos artefactos culturais em poder de extremistas e moderados nacionalistas, aguardava-se um desfecho favorável às pretensões nacionalistas, contudo o pouco espaço de manobra que Estados Nação deixavam aos seus focos insurgentes, casos de franceses e ingleses, inclusive espanhóis cuja máquina repressiva funcionava, para além da entrada deste reino na então Comunidade Económica Europeia, veio arrefecer os ânimos, avivar as diferenças e unir talvez mais, os bascos em torno da sua língua.

The main focus of this research is the use of Basque as a component of Basque nationalism, what its contribution in the struggle for the independence of the territory and what has derived from it. Analysing the pronationalist experienced in the region, a retrospective will be made to the main types of nationalisms and to compare the situation of Northern Spain with these. Basque self-determination underwent a tremendous boost with Sabino Arana's ideas, on the concept of race and language and higher cultures of the Basque people in relation to Spanish, giving rise to the old PNV, went through decades of lethargy, until resurgence by the hand terrorist group ETA. Born to made only political pressure, it soon agreed to Basque society, controlling all his economic and cultural political activity, drawing it the destinies of the language. Being Euskadi a community with very own cultural identities, these will be strengthened with a view to achieve self-determination. Always striving against Madrid, the emergence of democracy writes an important page in the life of the Basque language and its sympathizers when proclaiming the Spanish central government its co-officialization in 1979. With the entry into democracy and possession of the destinies of cultural artefacts in power of extremists and moderate nationalists, a favourable outcome to the nationalist pretensions was expected, but the little space of manoeuvre that Nation States left to their insurgent foci, cases of French and English, including Spanish whose repressive machine worked, beyond the entrance of this kingdom in the then European Economic Community, came to cool down, animate the differences and perhaps, unite more the Basques around their language.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Nacionalismo, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Relações Internacionais, Construtivismo, Estado Nação, País Basco, Terrorismo, Eta, Euskera

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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