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Morte Súbita no Desporto

A Primeira Manifestação de Doença Cardiovascular
Authors: Barbosa, Rita Sousa;

Morte Súbita no Desporto

Abstract

Introdução: A morte súbita cardíaca (MSC) define-se como uma morte de causa natural sendo, por vezes, a primeira manifestação de doença cardiovascular. É a principal causa de morte em atletas jovens durante a prática desportiva. A MSC pode ser desencadeada por um mecanismo arrítmico (taquiarritmia ventricular abrupta), não arrítmico.ou mesmo por doenças não relacionadas ao coração. Nesse sentido, torna-se mandatório identificar as anomalias cardíacas subjacentes através de programas de triagem pré-participação (TPP) com sensibilidade e especificidade suficientes para detetar um maior número de distúrbios cardíacos em pacientes portadores de patologia. Objetivos: ? Gerar conhecimento sobre a relação da MSC com o desporto, bem como do seu impacto na sociedade; ? Distinguir as adaptações morfológicas, funcionais e elétricas resultantes da prática desportiva regular, das alterações patológicas; ? Retratar os principais distúrbios cardíacos hereditários responsáveis pela MSC; ? Perceber o impacto da TPP na deteção precoce dos diferentes distúrbios cardíacos; ? Relembrar acerca da necessidade de colocação de desfibrilhadores externos automáticos (DEAs) nos diferentes centros desportivos e de fitness, bem como em locais de acesso público, com vista à otimização do sucesso da ressuscitação cardio-pulmonar (RCP). Metodologia: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada recorrendo às bases de dados PubMed e ScienceDirect, restringindo-a aos últimos 10 anos. Os artigos selecionados são estudos prospetivos e retrospetivos, bem como artigos de revisão. Recorreu-se também, a artigos nacionais publicados na Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia e às diretrizes definidas pela European Society of Cardiology (ESC) e pela American Heart Association (AHA). Por último, foram selecionados todos os artigos cujo conteúdo se enquadrava no tema desta dissertação. Conclusão: A maioria das mortes associadas ao desporto foi presenciada e, portanto, apresenta uma oportunidade para melhorar os resultados através do treino de oficiais de equipa em RCP e da maior disponibilidade de DEAs nos locais. São necessários esforços contínuos para introduzir os DEAs em centros de prática desportiva e implementar programas educacionais que visem aumentar a consciencialização da população geral sobre a questão da morte súbita (MS) e fornecer conhecimentos básicos para o uso de DEAs.

Introduction: The sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as a death by natural causes, sometimes being the first manifestation of cardiovascular disease. It is the main cause of death in young athletes while practicing sports. The SCD can be triggered by an arrhythmic mechanism (sudden ventricular tachyarrhythmia), a non-arrhythmic or even by non-heart diseases. With this in mind, becomes mandatory to identify the underlying cardiac anomalies through pre-participation screening (PPS) programs that have enough sensitivity and specificity to detect a larger number of cardiac malfunctions in patients with the pathology. Aims: ? To generate knowledge about the relation between the SCD and sports, as well as its impact in the society; ? To distinguish the morphological, functional and electrical adaptations resulting from the regular sports practice from the pathological changes; ? To portray the main hereditary cardiac malfunctions responsible for the SCD; ? To understand the PPS impact in early detection of the different cardiac malfunctions; ? To remind people about the necessity of having automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in the different sports and fitness centers, as well as in public areas, in order to optimize the success of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methodology: The bibliographic research was done consulting the databases PubMed and ScienceDirect, restricting it to the last ten years. The selected articles are prospective and retrospective studies, as well as review articles. National articles published in the Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia and the guidelines defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and by the American Heart Association (AHA) were also consulted. Lastly, the articles were selected because their contents framed the theme of this dissertation. Conclusion: The majority of deaths associated to sports was witnessed, therefore provides an opportunity to improve the results through training the team officials in CPR and higher availability of AEDs in the places. Continued efforts are needed to introduce the AEDs in sports centers and to implement educational programs that aim to increase the general population awareness about the SCD and to provide basic knowledge about the use of the AEDs.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Ressuscitação Cardio-Pulmonar, Coração de Atleta, Remodeling Cardíaco, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina, Triagem Préparticipação, Morte Súbita Cardíaca

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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