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Terapia cognitivo comportamental no tratamento da depressão

Authors: Fonseca, Márcia Alexandra Cruz;

Terapia cognitivo comportamental no tratamento da depressão

Abstract

Contextualização: A depressão é um transtorno mental comum, com mais de 300 milhões de pessoas afetadas. É uma das principais causas de incapacidade em todo o mundo e na sua forma mais grave, pode levar ao suicídio. O sexo feminino é o mais afetado. Existem vários tratamentos eficazes, nomeadamente os psicossociais, que são indicados para a depressão ligeira e os farmacológicos (antidepressivos), que podem ser eficazes no tratamento da depressão moderada-grave, mas não são a primeira linha de tratamento para os casos de depressão ligeira. Nesta revisão da literatura vai-se abordar mais especificamente a terapia cognitivo comportamental como forma de tratamento da patologia depressiva. Objetivo: Verificar se a terapia cognitivo comportamental é eficaz no tratamento da depressão. Metodologia: Para a elaboração desta revisão foram analisados artigos indexados na base de dados da Pubmed, entre outras, assim como livros e estudos publicados em revistas científicas. Resultados: Foram descritos os fundamentos da terapia cognitivo comportamental no tratamento da depressão e revisadas as evidências da sua eficácia. Discutiu-se igualmente o uso de tratamento farmacológico concomitante à TCC. A eficácia desta está bem estabelecida no tratamento dos transtornos depressivos, na diminuição do risco de uma nova tentativa de suicídio e no tratamento da depressão que não responde ao tratamento habitual. Conclusões: A TCC é uma das abordagens que apresenta evidências empíricas de eficácia no tratamento da depressão, oferecida de forma isolada ou em combinação com a farmacoterapia. Evidências científicas demonstraram que a TCC diminui o risco de uma nova tentativa de suicídio para metade em pacientes que já o tentaram e, portanto, deve ser o tratamento preferido para todos os pacientes com depressão. No entanto, os antidepressivos podem ser tratamentos eficazes de segunda linha para pacientes que não respondem à TCC. Por esse motivo, dever-se-á ponderar esta estratégia no tratamento desta doença.

Background: Depression is a common mental disorder, with more than 300 million people affected. It is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and in its most severe form can lead to suicide. More women are affected. There are several effective treatments, namely psychosocial, which are effective for mild depression and pharmacological (antidepressants), which may be effective in the treatment of moderate-severe depression but are not the first line of treatment for cases of mild depression. In this review of the literature it will be more specifically addressed cognitive behavioral therapy as a form of treatment of depressive disorder. Objective: To verify if cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the treatment of depression. Methodology: This article reviews articles indexed in the Pubmed database, among others, as well as books and studies published in scientific journals. Results: The foundations of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression and the evidence of its efficacy were reviewed. The use of pharmacological treatment concomitant with CBT was also discussed. The efficacy of CBT is well established in the treatment of depressive disorders, in reducing the risk of a new suicide attempt and in the treatment of depression that does not respond to usual treatment. Conclusions: CBT is one of the approaches that presents empirical evidence of efficacy in the treatment of depression, offered in isolation or in combination with pharmacotherapy. Scientific evidence has shown that CBT decreases the risk of a new suicide attempt in half in patients who have tried it and therefore should be the preferred treatment for all patients with depression. However, antidepressants may be effective second-line treatments for patients who do not respond to CBT. For this reason, this strategy should be considered in the treatment of this disease.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Antidepressivos, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina, Perturbação Depressiva Major, Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental, Suicídio., Suicídio, Distimia

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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