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Antioxidantes naturais na diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e nas suas complicações

Authors: Pocinho, Sara Carolina Silva;

Antioxidantes naturais na diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e nas suas complicações

Abstract

Introdução: Ao longo dos últimos anos, o número de pessoas da população portuguesa com diabetes mellitus (DM) tem vindo a aumentar. Em 2013, mais de 1 milhão de pessoas em Portugal entre os 20-79 anos tinha diabetes (13% da população). O impacto do envelhecimento da população refletiu um aumento de 11% na taxa de prevalência da diabetes entre 2009-2013. Na diabetes mellitus há um aumento da produção de espécies reativas de oxigénio e uma diminuição das defesas antioxidantes, o que se traduz por um stress oxidativo responsável por várias complicações da doença. O controlo da glicémia é fundamental para a estabilização da diabetes bem como das suas complicações. Visto ter uma elevada taxa de morbilidade e mortalidade é imperativo o diagnóstico precoce e o controlo da doença. O impacto que a doença tem na qualidade de vida das pessoas e os custos que a terapia farmacológica acarreta, faz com que cada vez mais se fale no uso de terapêuticas alternativas, como por exemplo plantas naturais. As plantas medicinais contêm vários antioxidantes naturais como flavonóides e vitamina C e E. Objetivos: Com esta revisão de literatura pretendo avaliar o uso de antioxidantes naturais juntamente com a terapêutica farmacológica de base no controle dos valores da glicémia, bem como as complicações inerentes à diabetes mellitus, explorando assim as vantagens e desvantagens de alguns antioxidantes naturais. Metodologia: Para a presente revisão de bibliografia foi utilizada a base de dados Medline, utilizando sem restrições os termos de pesquisa “antioxidants” e “diabetes”, selecionando os artigos com maior relevo para o tema a abordar. Resultados: Vários estudos têm sido feitos nos últimos tempos sobre este assunto, no entanto, os resultados dos estudos nem sempre são consensuais. Se, por vezes, estudos experimentais demonstraram eficácia dos antioxidantes, quando passaram aos ensaios clínicos essa eficácia já não foi totalmente comprovada. Conclusões: Apesar dos vários benefícios aparentes de alguns nutrientes em estudos experimentais e em determinados ensaios clínicos, dados mais consistentes são necessários quanto ao benefício dos antioxidantes na terapia da DM. Assim, é necessário a elaboração de mais ensaios clínicos randomizados, duplamente-cegos controlados por placebo com amostras de maior dimensão e a decorrer num maior período de tempo, para definir com precisão o valor e o lugar dos suplementos na prevenção e gestão da diabetes.

Introduction: Over the last few years, the number of people in the Portuguese population with diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased. By 2013, more than 1 million people in Portugal between the ages of 20-79 had diabetes (13% of the population). The impact of population aging reflected an 11% increase in the prevalence rate of diabetes between 2009-2013. In diabetes mellitus there is an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and a decrease in antioxidant defenses, which translates into an oxidative stress responsible for several complications of the disease. Glycemic control is essential for the stabilization of diabetes as well as its complications. Because of the high rate of morbidity and mortality, early diagnosis and control of the disease is imperative. The impact that the disease has on the quality of life of the people and the costs that the pharmacological therapy entails, leads to an increasing discussion about the use of alternative therapies, such as natural plants. Medicinal plants contain various natural antioxidants like flavonoids and vitamin C and E. Objectives: With this literature review, I intend to evaluate the use of natural antioxidants together with the basic pharmacological therapy in the control of glycemic values, as well as the inherent complications of diabetes mellitus, thus exploiting the advantages and disadvantages of some natural antioxidants. Methodology: For the present review of the bibliography, the Medline database was used, using the terms "antioxidants" and "diabetes" without restriction, selecting the articles with greater relevance for the subject to be addressed. Results: Several studies have been done in recent times on this subject however, the results of the studies are not always consensual. If experimental studies have shown antioxidant efficacy at times, when they have passed to the clinical trials this efficacy is no longer fully proven. Conclusions: Despite the various apparent benefits of some nutrients in experimental studies and in certain clinical trials, more consistent data is needed regarding the benefit of antioxidants in DM therapy. Thus, more randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials with longer and longer-term samples are needed to accurately define the role and location of supplements in diabetes prevention and management.

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Endocrinologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina, Antioxidantes Naturais, Diabetes Mellitus, Radicais Livres e Espécies Reativas de Oxigénio, Stress Oxidativo

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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