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Reflexo da prestação de cuidados paliativos e de cuidados convencionais na qualidade de vida dos doentes oncológicos terminais

Authors: Gomes, Clara Joana Ferreira Dinis;

Reflexo da prestação de cuidados paliativos e de cuidados convencionais na qualidade de vida dos doentes oncológicos terminais

Abstract

Os cuidados paliativos constituem uma especialidade holística na abordagem ao sofrimento dos doentes em fim de vida. A capacidade de prestação destes cuidados depende de equipas multidisciplinares organizadas, que dominem múltiplas áreas de conhecimento apesar de não ser ainda totalmente claro como se caracterizam as diferentes tipologias de doentes. Muitos dos serviços convencionais de cuidados de saúde não estão adaptados para terem em conta as necessidades de pessoas com doenças crónicas nas fases mais ou menos avançadas. As falhas neste sistema de cuidados colocam os pacientes mais vulneráveis em risco de serem abandonados à dor, prejudicam a sua dignidade e as capacidades, e também conduzem a uma sobrecarga e empobrecimento das famílias. Existe ainda pouca sensibilização para esta causa. Todos estes factos têm motivado inúmeros estudos na área da qualidade de vida, realizados nos mais variados países. A elaboração deste estudo surgiu na sequência de uma reflexão e pesquisa acerca da doença oncológica em fase terminal e o seu reflexo na qualidade de vida do doente, consoante este estivesse a receber cuidados paliativos ou, em alternativa, cuidados convencionais, de forma a poder clarificar a associação mais benéfica e que evite consequências, por vezes nefastas. Neste estudo observacional descritivo, de direcção retrospectiva, foram analisados os processos clínicos dos doentes falecidos nos serviços de Medicina Interna e Medicina Paliativa do Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira (CHCB), E.P.E., durante o período compreendido entre 01/05/2009 a 31/07/2009. Em cada um desses 2 grupos analisaram-se os custos inerentes a cada doente oncológico terminal, o grau de controlo de sintomas e a satisfação dos familiares relativamente aos cuidados prestados. A análise dos resultados sugere benefícios significativos entre a prestação de cuidados paliativos a doentes oncológicos terminais em relação ao grupo que recebeu cuidados convencionais, diferenças relacionadas fundamentalmente com maior controlo e menor grau de problemas ligados com sofrimento físico e psicossocial experienciado pelos doentes e seus familiares. A presença de questões relacionadas com os gastos inerentes a cada doente oncológico terminal parecem ter menor influência na desigualdade registada. Neste caso, o facto de existirem alguns resultados inconsistentes, é indicativo de que deve haver prudência ao atribuir-se uma associação entre estes e a realidade em si. Mais estudos longitudinais são necessários para corroborar esta hipótese, com amostras maiores, com controlo para todos os possíveis factores de confusão, bem como mais investigação relativa ao benefício da prestação de cuidados paliativos aos doentes oncológicos.

Palliative care is a holistic speciality that deals with the patient’s suffering at the end of their life. The ability to provide such care depends on multidisciplinary teams organized to include many areas of knowledge although the different typologies of patients are still to be defined. Many of the conventional health care services are not adapted to take into account the needs of people with chronic diseases in more or less advanced stages. The flaws in the care system place the most vulnerable patients at risk of being abandoned to pain, undermining their dignity and capacity, and also leading to an overload and impoverishment of their families. There is still little awareness of this cause. All these facts have motivated countless studies in various countries into quality of life. This study was the result of reflection and research on the end-stage cancer disease and its reflection on the patient’s quality of life, depending on whether their were receiving palliative or conventional care, so that it can clarify the most beneficial association and avoid adverse consequences. In this retrospective descriptive observational study, medical files of patients, who died in the Internal Medicine and Palliative Medicine Services in Cova da Beira Hospital Center (CHCB), were reviewed during the period from 01/05/2009 to 31/07/2009. In each of these 2 groups the costs associated with each terminal cancer patient, the degree of symptom control and of family members satisfaction with care were analyzed. The results suggest significant benefits from the provision of palliative care for terminal cancer patients over the group who received conventional care, differences related mainly with greater control and fewer problems with physical and psychosocial distress experienced by patients and their families. The presence of issues related to expenses associated with each terminal cancer patient seem to have less influence in inequality recorded. In this case, the fact that there are some inconsistent results indicates that caution should be attributed to an association between them and actual reality. More long term studies are needed to test this hypothesis, with larger samples, with all possible confounding factors controlled and further research on the benefits of providing palliative care for cancer patients.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Doente terminal - Cuidados paliativos, Doente oncológico - Qualidade de vida, Doente oncológico - Cuidados paliativos, Cuidados paliativos

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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