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Novas abordagens em insulinoterapia

Infusão subcutânea contínua de insulina
Authors: Amorim, Ana Carolina Pinheiro de;

Novas abordagens em insulinoterapia

Abstract

A Infusão Subcutânea Contínua de Insulina tem sido utilizada em doentes com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 com o objectivo de optimizar o controlo glicémico. Estudos que comprovaram o efeito da optimização do controlo glicémico na prevenção e no atraso do aparecimento das complicações relacionadas com a Diabetes Mellitus induziram um aumento da utilização da técnica de Infusão Subcutânea Contínua de Insulina (CSII), ou terapêutica com bombas infusoras de insulina.O objectivo desta revisão teórica é clarificar as vantagens e desvantagens da CSII, as indicações para a sua utilização e as possíveis complicações, em comparação com a utilização de outros esquemas de terapêutica intensiva com insulina. Os artigos analisados sugerem que, na maioria dos doentes, os valores de glicemia e de HbA1c são ligeiramente inferiores nos utilizadores de CSII, em comparação com os utilizadores de Injecções Múltiplas Diárias (MDI). A qualidade de vida parece ser superior nos indivíduos que utilizam CSII. As taxas de hipoglicemia e cetoacidose diabética parecem ser ligeiramente ifneriores ou semelhantes às apresentadas pelos utilizadores de MDI. No entanto, a informação é controversa e não permite tirar conclusões absolutas. Os resultados mais favorecedores da técnica de CSII foram obtidos em ensaios nos quais havia uma definição prévia e específica das indicações para a utilização de bombas de insulina. Estas indicações incluíam: fraco controlo glicémico, presença do fenómeno de alvorada, história de hipoglicemia sem pródromos, necessidade de maior flexibilidade no estilo de vida e gravidez. O número de diabéticos Tipo 1 que tem indicação para a utilização de bombas de insulina, e portanto pode beneficiar significativamente desta modalidade terapêutica, é reduzido. Desta forma, não deverá ser difícil providenciar recursos económicos no Sistema Nacional de Saúde para comparticipar a utilização de bombas de insulina por estes doentes.

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has been used in selected Type 1 diabetic subjects to achieve strict blood glucose control. Data suggesting that nearnormal glycemic control prevents or delays complications of diabetes has led to an increase in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or insulin pump use. This review is about the advantages and disadvantages of CSII, the indications for it´s use and possible complications, compared with modern intensified insulin injection regimens. The articles reviewed suggest that, in most patients, mean blood glucose concentrations and glycated hemoglobin percentages are either slightly lower on CSII versus Multiple Daily Injections (MDI). Quality of life seems to be significantly improved in CSII users. The rates of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis also seem to be sightly lower ou similar to the ones of MDI. However the data is contradictory and doesn´t allow strong conclusions to be taken. The best results obtained in clinical trials were associated with previous definition of specific indications por insulin pump use. These indications included: poor glycemic control despite intensified insulin regimens, the presence of dawn phenomenon, history of hypoglycemic unawareness, need for lifestyle flexibility, and pregnancy. The number of Type 1 diabetic patients who have indication for insulin pump use, and therefore may benefit substantially from CSII, is quite small. For this reason, the necessary funds should be easily set aside by the Health Care System in charge.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 - Terapia, Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 - Prognóstico, Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 - Diagnóstico, Insulina - Infusão subcutânea, Insulinoterapia - Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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