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Impacto da Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 na função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo

Um estudo ecocardiográfico da deformação miocárdica por speckle tracking
Authors: Tadeu, Isabel Maria Padrão;

Impacto da Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 na função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo

Abstract

Introdução: A Miocardiopatia Diabética define-se como a disfunção ventricular devida à diabetes mellitus, que não é explicada pela hipertensão arterial ou doença coronária. A maioria dos estudos de ecocardiografia tem sido realizada nos doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. A disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo tem sido apontada como o marcador mais precoce da miocardiopatia diabética. A avaliação da deformação miocárdica longitudinal constitui um método mais sensível de avaliação da função sistólica. A deformação miocárdica está pouco estudada em doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1, tendo sido descrita uma redução do strain longitudinal em doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 com cerca de 40 anos de evolução. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da diabetes na função sistólica ventricular de doentes jovens com diabetes mellitus tipo 1, normotensos e sem outras comorbilidades, através de ecocardiografia com análise da deformação miocárdica longitudinal por speckle tracking. Metodologia: Estudo prospetivo incluindo 30 doentes jovens com diabetes mellitus tipo 1, normotensos e sem outras comorbilidades, e 24 controlos saudáveis. Colhidos dados demográficos e clínicos. Efetuado ecocardiograma transtorácico a todos os participantes, que incluiu avaliação por ecocardiografia convencional e Doppler tecidular e análise da deformação miocárdica por speckle tracking. Resultados: Os doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 eram predominantemente homens (63%). Eram jovens (média de idades 26 anos) e apresentavam em média 10 anos de duração da diabetes (média de hemoglobina glicosilada 9.3%). Os doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 apresentavam função diastólica normal e semelhante à dos controlos. A função sistólica, avaliada pela fração de ejeção e Doppler tecidular, também era normal, não diferindo entre diabéticos e controlos. Contudo, o strain longitudinal global do VE no pico da sístole foi significativamente menor nos doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 do que nos controlos (-19.6±2.5 vs. -21.4±1.9%; p=0.005). A diabetes mellitus foi identificada como fator preditor independente do strain longitudinal global (p=0.032). Foi encontrada uma tendência para correlação entre a duração da diabetes e o strain longitudinal global (r=0.357; p=0.057) e uma correlação entre os níveis de hemoglobina glicosilada e o strain longitudinal global (r=0.413; p=0.023). Conclusão: Doentes jovens normotensos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 com apenas 10 anos de duração apresentam já redução do strain longitudinal global, ou seja, disfunção sistólica subclínica, que é mais precoce que a disfunção diastólica detetável por Doppler convencional e tecidular. O strain longitudinal global parece estar correlacionado com o grau de controlo glicémico.

Introduction: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as ventricular dysfunction secondary to diabetes mellitus that is not explained by arterial hypertension or coronary heart disease. Most studies on echocardiography have been performed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction has been suggested as the earliest marker of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Longitudinal myocardial deformation analysis is a more sensitive method of evaluation of systolic function. Myocardial deformation is less studied in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and a reduction of longitudinal strain has been reported in patients with type diabetes mellitus with 40 years of evolution. Aim: To evaluate the impact of diabetes in left ventricular systolic function of young normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and without other comorbidities, through echocardiography with longitudinal strain analysis by speckle tracking. Methods: Prospective study including 30 young normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and without other comorbidities and 24 healthy controls. Demographic and clinical data were obtained. All participants underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram that included evaluation by conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging and strain analysis by speckle tracking. Results: Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were mainly males (63%). They were young (mean age 26 years) and presented diabetes for a mean duration of 10 years (mean glycosylated hemoglobin 9.3%). Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus had normal diastolic function that was similar to the one of controls. Systolic function, evaluated by ejection fraction and tissue Doppler imaging, was also normal and did not differ between diabetic patients and controls. However, left ventricular global longitudinal strain at peak-systole was significantly lower in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus than in controls (-19.6±2.5 vs. -21.4±1.9%; p=0.005). Diabetes mellitus was identified as an independent predictor of global longitudinal strain (p=0.032). This study found a trend to correlation between diabetes duration and global longitudinal strain (r=0.357; p=0.057) and a correlation between the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and global longitudinal strain (r=0.413; p=0.023). Conclusion: Young normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with only 10 years of evolution already present a reduction of global longitudinal strain, and therefore subclinical systolic dysfunction, which appears earlier than the diastolic dysfunction that is detected by conventional and tissue Doppler imaging. Global longitudinal strain seems to be correlated to the degree of glycemic control.

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Miocardiopatia Diabética, Speckle Tracking, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina, Função Sistólica, Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1, Strain

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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