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Recuperação de metais pesados em águas residuais

Authors: Gonçalves, Donzilia dos Santos;

Recuperação de metais pesados em águas residuais

Abstract

Os efluentes mineiros constituem um problema que surge desde o início da exploração até cessar a atividade. A primeira parte deste trabalho consiste na descrição do processo de laboração da Mina da Panasqueira e na caracterização dos seus efluentes, antes e depois do seu tratamento na ETAM. As águas provenientes do interior da mina caracterizam-se por baixos valores de pH (geralmente inferiores a 5) e elevada carga em metais pesados. A acidez e as elevadas concentrações em Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn e de metalóides, tal como o As, são, são devido às paragéneses minerais associadas aos minérios explorados. A ETAM da Mina da Panasqueira foi concebida aplicando as técnicas de um sistema ativo de tratamento de águas/drenagens ácidas com adição de cal e floculante. Para que ocorra a precipitação de todos os metais, sob a forma de hidróxidos, requer valores pH muito elevados, para além de elevados consumos de cal. A segunda parte deste trabalho tinha como principal objetivo efetuar a recuperação dos iões de Fe, Cu, Mn e Zn, por eletrodeposição, presentes numa amostra de água da Mina da Panasqueira. A análise dos resultados obtidos permite-nos concluir que, para a amostra analisada, o potencial mais indicado para remover todo os iões, em simultâneo, foi o E= - 0,75 V. Podemos também concluir que o menos indicado é o E=-1,25 V. Para as condições estudadas, os melhores resultados de recuperação dos metais ao fim de 3 h foram: Fe2+ 45% a E=-0,5 V; Cu2+ 45% a E=-0,5 V; Mn2+ 45% a E=-0,75 V; Zn2+ 75% a E=-1,0 V. Obtiveram-se resultados satisfatórios, o que nos permite concluir que a instalação de um sistema de eletrodeposição nos tanques existente no interior da mina poderia reduzir, num modo geral, 45% dos iões de Ferro, Cobre e Manganês e cerca de 75% dos iões de Zinco. A aplicação deste processo, nas instalações da Mina da Panasqueira, poderia ser uma mais-valia levando a uma grande diminuição do consumo de cal.

Mining waste is a problem that arises in the early exploration and lasts during all the mining activity. The first part of this work involves the description of the mining activities at Mina da Panasqueira and the characterization of the effluent before and after its treatment in the ETAM. The water from the interior of the mine is characterized by low pH (generally less than 5) and high load in heavy metals. Acidity and high concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and metalloids, such as As, due to the mineral parageneses, are associated with the operated ores. The ETAM of the Mina da Panasqueira has been designed using the technique of an active treatment system water/acid drainage with added lime and flocculant. For the occurrence of precipitation of all metals in the form of hydroxides, it is requires very high pH values, as well as high lime consumption. The second part of this work had as main objective to recover Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn metal ions, by electrodeposition, present in a water sample from Mina da Panasqueira. The analysis of the obtained results allow us to conclude that for the analyzed samples, the potential most suitable to remove all the ions simultaneously was E = - 0.75 V. For the conditions studied, the best results in recovery of metals after 3 h were: Fe2+ - 45% at E = -0.5 V; Cu2+ - 45% at E = -0.5 V; Mn2+ - 45% at E = -0.75 V; Zn2+ -75% at E = -1.0 V. These are satisfactory results, which allows us to conclude that the installation of an electroplating system in the existing tanks inside the mine could reduce, in general, 45% of iron, copper and manganese ions and about 75% of the zinc ions. The application of this process at the premises of Mina da Panasqueira could be an added value leading to a large decrease in the lime consumption.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Efluentes Mineiros, Etam, Eletrocoagulação, Mina da Panasqueira

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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