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Determinação de pesticidas organofosforados em amostras biológicas por microextracção em seringa empacotada e cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa em tandem (MEPS-GC-MS/MS)

Authors: Santos, Catarina Loureiro dos;

Determinação de pesticidas organofosforados em amostras biológicas por microextracção em seringa empacotada e cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa em tandem (MEPS-GC-MS/MS)

Abstract

Os pesticidas representam um variado grupo de compostos amplamente utilizados com o fim de controlar, prevenir ou matar organismos considerados nocivos e indesejáveis ao homem e ao meio ambiente. Podem ser classificados de acordo com o organismo alvo em que actuam como insecticidas, herbicidas, rodenticidas, fungicidas, entre outros. Os pesticidas organofosforados (POF) são um grupo particular deste tipo de substâncias, usados principalmente como insecticidas. Contudo, o mecanismo de acção dos POF envolve uma enzima comum entre insectos e humanos, a acetilcolinesterase. Esta enzima é responsável pela terminação do sinal nervoso da acetilcolina, neurotransmissor envolvido em diversas funções biológicas. Por este motivo os POF representam um risco de intoxicação para os humanos, sendo que os casos registados são principalmente em zonas rurais e em situações de suicídio ou acidente. Este trabalho tem por objectivo o desenvolvimento de um método para a determinação de sete POF em sangue total com recurso à cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa em tandem (GC-MS/MS) e à microextração em seringa empacotada (MEPS). Os POF seleccionados para a realização deste estudo foram o azinfos-etil (AZP), diazinão (DZN), dimetoato (DMT), clorpirifos (CLP), clorfenvinfos (CLF), paratião (PRT) e quinalfos (QLP), que de acordo com a literatura são os mais recorrentes em casos de intoxicação aguda, em Portugal. O método foi validado de acordo com as guidelines internacionais da Food and Drug Administration (FDA) e da International Conference Harmonisation (ICH). O procedimento foi linear para o intervalo de concentrações de 0,5 (limite inferior de quantificação - LLOQ) até 50 µg/mL para todos os compostos excepto para o AZP que foi de 2,5-50 µg/mL. Em todos os casos, os coeficientes de determinação (R2) foram superiores a 0,99. Para o DMT, composto só avaliado qualitativamente, o limite de detecção (LOD) foi de 40 µg/mL. Tanto a precisão (intra e inter-dia) como a exactidão foram consideradas adequadas por se encontrarem dentro dos valores definidos pelas guidelines, isto é, CV inferiores a 15% e BIAS ±15%, excepto no LLOQ que foi de 20% e ±20%, respectivamente. Esta técnica permitiu, a partir de um pequeno volume de amostra (100 µL), bem como dos reduzidos volumes de solventes orgânicos, obter recuperações entre os 57-77%, o que torna o método apelativo devido ao seu baixo custo e boa eficácia de extracção. Salienta-se que este foi o primeiro trabalho no qual MEPS foi utilizada para isolar estes compostos a partir de amostras de sangue total.

Pesticides are a wide group of substances used to prevent, control or kill forms of life considered novices to humans and the environment. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are a particular group of these substances used mainly as insecticides. OPs act by inhibition of acetilcolinestarase, an enzyme responsible for the termination of the signal transmission of acetylcholine, a neurotransmissor with several biological functions. Because acetilcolinestarase is common to insects and humans, OPs represent a risk of intoxication for humans. So, and despite the fact that commercialization of some OPs is forbidden, there are still many cases of intoxication, most of them accidental or suicidal. The aim of our work was to develop a methodology for the determination of seven OPs in whole blood by microextraction in packed syringe (MEPS) and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The selected OPs were: diazinon (DZN), chlorpyrifos (CLP), chlorfenvinphos (CLF), parathion-ethyl (PRT), quinalphos (QLP) and azynphos-ethyl (AZP), ethion was used as internal standard. The method was validated according to the guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the International Conference of Harmonisation (ICH). The procedure was linear for concentrations ranging from 0.5 (lower limit of quantification – LLOQ) to 50 µg/mL for all analytes, with exception of AZP for which the linearity was established between 2.5 and 50 µg/mL. In all cases, the determination coefficients (R2) were higher than 0.99. DMT was only analysed qualitatively, and its limit of detection was found to be 40 µg/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were considered adequate according to the adopted guidelines, CV lower than 15% and BIAS within ±15%, except at the LLOQ, for which 20% and ±20%, respectively, were found acceptable. MEPS revealed to be an efficient technique that allows a small sample volume (100 µL), low organic solvents consumption and good recoveries (57-77%), which makes it appealing due to the cost of analysis and good extraction efficiency. This is the first study in which a MEPS procedure was used for the isolation of OPs from whole blood samples.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Meps, Pesticidas Organofosforados, Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Química, Sangue Total, Gc-Ms/Ms

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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