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Artroplastia da anca no Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira Estudo da infeção e custos hospitalares

Authors: Azevedo, Daniel Augusto Correia;

Artroplastia da anca no Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira Estudo da infeção e custos hospitalares

Abstract

Introdução: A infeção na artroplastia da anca apresenta-se como uma complicação local grave que resulta em queixas álgicas, incapacidade funcional e elevados custos económicos. A taxa de infeção da artroplastia da anca varia entre 0,4% a 1,5% nas artroplastias totais primárias e ronda os 3,2% nas revisões cirúrgicas, sendo uma das principais razões de insucesso nas artroplastias. Objetivos: Calcular a taxa de infeção em diferentes tipos de artroplastias da anca, compara-los e estudar as suas eventuais relações com fatores que estão implicados na predisposição para a infeção. Analisar os custos hospitalares associados ao tratamento cirúrgico desta complicação. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, analítico e retrospectivo de uma amostra de doentes internados no Serviço de Ortopedia do Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, sujeitos a artroplastia primária (parcial ou total) ou artroplastia de revisão, entre fevereiro de 2011 e fevereiro de 2013. A recolha de dados foi realizada mediante a consulta de processos clínicos electrónicos. Resultados: Foram estudados 261 doentes (267 cirurgias), maioritariamente do sexo feminino (57,5%) e idade média de 77,1 anos (DP 12,3 anos, variação 26-100 anos). A taxa global de infeção na artroplastia total primária no nosso estudo foi de 1,4%, inferior à registada nos procedimentos de revisão (4,8%). No total da nossa amostra o número de infeções protésicas foi de 6 (2,3%). Dos fatores relacionados com a infeção no contexto desta cirurgia destacamos a relação estatisticamente significativa com infeção da ferida cirúrgica (p<0,001), deiscência da sutura (p<0,001), insuficiência renal durante o internamento (p<0,001) e cirurgia realizada nos meses de verão (p=0,013). De entre os 6 doentes com infeções protésicas, foram selecionados aqueles que receberam tratamento cirúrgico para a infeção (quatro) e calculados os custos médios do tratamento desta complicação. Contabilizaram-se 13 episódios em que estes doentes recorreram aos cuidados de saúde do Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, tendo um custo médio de 3400,00 euros por episódio e um custo total médio por infeção de 11049,99 euros. Conclusões: A taxa de infeção na nossa amostra está de acordo com estudos prévios. Apesar de não ser uma complicação frequente, a infeção da artroplastia da anca apresenta-se como uma infeção de risco devido a significativa morbilidade, prolongamento da hospitalização, necessidade de cirurgias repetidas e de cuidados médicos e de enfermagem. Para além do impacto sobre o doente, existem também custos significativos para o sistema de saúde.

Introduction: Infection hip arthroplasty it’s a major local complication that results in pain, functional disability and high financial costs. The rate of infection in primary total hip arthroplasty varies from 0,4% to 1,5% and 3,20% in surgical revisions, being one of the main reasons of failure in this surgery. Objectives: Calculate the infection rate in different types of hip arthroplasty, comparing them and study their relations with factors that can lead to infection. Analyze the financial costs related with the surgical treatment of this complication. Methods: An observational, analytical and retrospective study was carried out in a group of patients hospitalized in the Orthopedics Department from Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, that went through primary (parcial or total) or revision arthroplasty, between February 2011 and February 2013. Data was collected through electronical clinical files. Results: 261 patients (267 surgeries) were studied, mainly women (57,5%) and mean age 77,1 years (SD 12,3 years, 26-100 years). The global rate of infection in primary hip arthroplasty was 1,4%, lower than the one calculated for revisions (4,8%). We had identified 6 arthroplasty infections (2,3%). From the factors related with infection on this surgery we highlight the statistically significant relation with surgical wound infection (p<0,001), wound dehiscence (p<0,001), renal insufficiency during hospital stay (p<0,001) and surgery during Summer (p=0,013). From 6 patients with prosthesis infection we have selected 4 that were under new surgery to treat the infection and have calculated the financial costs of their treatment. They have represented 13 hospitalization episodes with an average financial cost of 3400,00 euros by each episode and an average total cost of 11049,99 euros by infection. Conclusions: Our sample infection rate is similar to literature. Besides this is an infrequent complication, infection of hip arthroplasty represents a risk infection because of significant morbility, longer hospitalization periods, need for new surgeries as well as medical and nurse care. This is also associated with high financial costs for health system.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Fratura, Anca, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina, Osteoartrose, Infeção, Artroplastia

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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