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Estado da arte da etiologia da Miocardiopatia Dilatada

Authors: Gonçalves, Maria do Carmo Coelho;

Estado da arte da etiologia da Miocardiopatia Dilatada

Abstract

As miocardiopatias dizem respeito a um grupo heterogéneo de doenças do miocárdio cuja definição tem sofrido várias alterações ao longo do tempo, mostrando-se, ainda nos dias de hoje, complexa e dúbia. A miocardiopatia dilatada, parte deste vasto grupo de doenças, caracteriza-se por uma dilatação ventricular, tipicamente do ventrículo esquerdo, com disfunção sistólica verificada pela diminuição da fracção de ejecção, após exclusão de outras possíveis causas de disfunção cardíaca. Apesar de, na grande maioria dos casos, a miocardiopatia dilatada ser considerada idiopática, esta admite uma panóplia de causas genéticas – constatando-se mais de 40 mutações já reconhecidamente associadas à miocardiopatia dilatada – e adquiridas, como doenças infecciosas e não infecciosas, de notar a toxicidade alcoólica, a fármacos ou substancias ilícitas, alterações metabólicas ou inflamação miocárdica sem infecção prévia. O componente genético assume particular importância, sendo responsável, quer pela forma familiar da doença, transmitida predominantemente de forma autossómica dominante, quer por formas não familiares da doença. Aliás, pensa-se que os factores genéticos, para além da influência directa que exercem na patogénese da miocardiopatia dilatada, estão também envolvidos na susceptibilidade a infecções virais e alterações no sistema imunológico, aceitando-se, por isso, um componente de predisposição genética em causas adquiridas. Serve a presente monografia para explanar as várias etiologias propostas para a miocardiopatia dilatada e abordar algumas patologias que partilham elementos em comum com a mesma, podendo levar a erros no diagnóstico.

Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases whose definition has undergone several changes over time, being, still today, complex and dubious. Dilated cardiomyopathy, part of this large group of diseases, is characterized by ventricular dilation, affecting typically the left ventricle, and systolic dysfunction observed by decreased ejection fraction, after excluding other possible causes of cardiac dysfunction. Although in most cases, dilated cardiomyopathy is considered to be idiopathic, an enormous range of other causes has already been proved to be associated with this disease, such as: genetic causes - having already been noticed over 40 mutations associated with dilated cardiomyopathy - and acquired causes such as infectious diseases and noninfectious diseases, like alcoholic toxicity, drugs or illegal substances, metabolic disorders or myocardial inflammation. The genetic component is particularly important, accounting, either by familial form of the disease, transmitted predominantly in an autosomal dominant way or by unfamiliar forms of the disease. Moreover, is thought that genetic factors, in addition to the direct influence exerted in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy, are also involved in the development of viral infection susceptibility and changes in the immune system. So, is accepted that there is an influence of the genetic predisposition over the acquired causes. This thesis hopes to achieve a way to explain the various etiologies proposed for dilated cardiomyopathy and address some diseases that share common elements with the same and may lead to misdiagnosis.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Miocardiopatias, Etiologia da Miocardiopatia Dilatada, Miocardiopatia Dilatada, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina, Miocardiopatia Dilatada Familiar

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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