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A Vitamina E na Doença de Alzheimer

Uma perspectiva epidemiológica e clínica
Authors: Santos, Ana Rita Pardal dos;

A Vitamina E na Doença de Alzheimer

Abstract

As doenças neurodegenerativas, de que são exemplos a doença de Alzheimer, a doença de Parkinson, a doença de Huntington e a Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica, resultam da degeneração progressiva e/ou morte das células nervosas sendo incapacitantes e incuráveis Nas doenças demenciais, a doença de Alzheimer representa 60 a 70% dos casos a nível mundial. O quadro sintomático evolui desde um défice cognitivo ligeiro até doença de Alzheimer em cerca de cinco anos. O principal sintoma é a perda de memória episódica recente. A nível fisiopatológico ocorre deposição cerebral de placas neuríticas amilóides e tranças neurofibrilares. Estes são dois importantes biomarcadores que podem permitir o diagnóstico precoce da doença recorrendo a análises do sangue, líquido cefalorraquidiano e neuroimagem. A origem da patologia parece estar associada a factores quer ambientais quer genéticos. Os dados existentes sugerem que a exposição a elevados níveis de stress oxidativo favorece a degeneração neuronal associada à doença de Alzheimer. Neste âmbito a adopção de uma dieta rica em vitaminas antioxidantes tem sido proposta como uma estratégia protectora na doença de Alzheimer. Esta monografia foca-se na acção da vitamina E como antioxidante na doença de Alzheimer. Este composto existe sob a forma de oito congéneres: quatro tocoferóis e quatro tocotrienóis, ambas as classes são subdivididas em quatro subtipos a, ß, ? e d. O mais abundante na natureza e o mais estudado no contexto da doença de Alzheimer é o a-tocoferol. Neste trabalho avaliaram-se vários estudos observacionais e clínicos sobre a relação dos vários congéneres da vitamina E e a doença de Alzheimer. Os estudos apresentados mostraram que apesar de não haver reversão da doença, a progressão do declínio cognitivo foi retardada. Além disso, o a-tocoferol apesar de ser o mais estudado talvez não seja o mais eficaz para prevenção ou tratamento da doença de Alzheimer. A vitamina E presente na dieta parece ser mais importante do que a sua suplementação. Os possíveis efeitos secundários da vitamina E, sobretudo a suplementação em altas doses, continuam a ser alvo de estudo.

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, result from progressive neurodegeneration and/ or neuronal cell death and are intractable and disabling, Among dementias, Alzheimer’s disease represents 60 to 70% of all cases worldwide. The symptomatic picture evolves from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease in about five years. The major symptom is the impairment of short term memory. Cerebral deposition of amyloid neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are pathophysiological hallmarks of the disease. These are important biomarkers that may allow early diagnosis of the disease using blood samples, cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging. The origin of the disease has been attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. The existing data suggest that increased levels of oxidative stress promote the neuronal degeneration associated with the disease. In this context, the use of diets rich in antioxidants has been proposed as a protective strategy. This monograph focuses on the action of vitamin E as an antioxidant in Alzheimer’s disease. This nutrient exists in the form of eight congeners: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols, both classes are subdivided into four subtypes: a, ß, ? e d. The most abundant in nature and the most studied in the context of Alzheimer’s disease is a-tocopherol. This monograph evaluated the relationship of the various congeners of vitamin E and Alzheimer’s disease taking into account several observational and clinical studies. In the studies evaluated, the disease was not reversed, but the progression of cognitive decline was delayed. Moreover, the existing data suggest that the a-tocopherol, despite being the most studied, may not be the most effective for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and also that diet’s Vitamin E seems more important than supplementation. Possible side effects of Vitamin E supplementation, especially in high doses, continue to be studied.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Vitamina e, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina, Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Stress Oxidativo, Doença de Alzheimer

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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