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Teoria do mosaicismo cólico

Authors: Rosa, Isadora Alexandra da Luz;

Teoria do mosaicismo cólico

Abstract

O cancro colo-rectal (CCR) continua a ser uma das principais causas de morte por cancro nos países desenvolvidos. No entanto, o CCR pode ser prevenido através da remoção das suas lesões precursoras - os adenomas. Diversos estudos demonstraram já que esta atitude reduz a mortalidade por CCR e que as características dos adenomas na primeira colonoscopia permitem definir estratégias de vigilância. Sabe-se atualmente que diferentes vias de carcinogénese podem conduzir ao CCR esporádico, evoluindo ao longo de anos numa mucosa macroscopicamente inalterada. Alguns dados apontam para que os primeiros eventos nestas sequências de carcinogénese possam remontar à embriogénese e afetar apenas determinadas áreas do cólon, derivadas de células precursoras mutadas. A acumulação posterior de outras mutações vai culminar na primeira manifestação clínica – o adenoma, numa janela temporal limitada. Numa análise de doentes com adenomas esporádicos, demonstrámos que sob ação da polipectomia, a incidência de adenomas decai ao longo do tempo, sugerindo um efeito de eliminação de todos os clones derivados de células precocemente mutadas. Em doentes com CCR e adenomas síncronos, demonstrámos uma co localização das lesões que favorece a noção de alguma forma de mosaicismo cólico. Finalmente, numa amostra de doentes com CCR avaliada prospectivamente, confirmámos a diversidade de vias de carcinogénese que culminam no mesmo evento final e a importância da avaliação molecular e genética para a sua distinção, com implicações clínicas. Apesar de não ter sido possível demonstrar a base genética do mosaicismo cólico, defendemos que os dados acumulados até ao presente continuam a apontar nesse sentido e que o conhecimento aprofundado da origem celular e sub-celular do CCR será o caminho para a sua erradicação.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the main causes of death by cancer in developed countries. Yet, it is potentially preventable, by removing the precursor lesions - adenomas. Several studies proved that this intervention reduces CRC mortality and that the adenomas’ characteristics at the first colonoscopy can guide surveillance strategies. It is now known that several carcinogenesis pathways may lead to sporadic CRC, evolving for years in macroscopically unchanged mucosa. Some data points to an embryonic origin for the first events in these pathways, affecting only some colonic areas, derived from mutated precursor cells. The latter accumulation of other mutations then leads to the fist clinical manifestation – the adenoma, in a limited time frame. In a sporadic adenomas patient population, we showed that under polypectomy the adenoma incidence decays along time, suggesting an effect of the elimination of all clones derived from early mutated cells. In CRC patients with synchronous adenomas, a co-localization of lesions was found, favoring the notion of some form of colonic mosaicism. Finally, in a prospectively evaluated CRC patient sample, we confirmed the diverse carcinogenesis pathways leading to the same final event and the importance of molecular and genetic studies to distinguish them, with clinical implications. Although we could not prove the genetic basis of the colonic mosaicism, we state that all accumulated evidence still points to it and that the deeper knowledge of the cellular and subcellular origin of CRC will be the way to its eradication.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Adenoma, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina, Cancro colo-rectal, Carcinogénese, Mosaicismo

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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