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Geração de trajéctorias sem colisão para aeronaves não tripuladas

Authors: Maia, Filipe Daniel Barreira da Silva;

Geração de trajéctorias sem colisão para aeronaves não tripuladas

Abstract

The main objective of the present dissertation is to propose a method that allows a UAV to navigate from one point to a destination point without colliding with neighboring manned aircraft. The conflict resolution is a daily problem due to the constrained airspace and dense traffic. With the forthcoming event of free-flight in air navigation, conflict resolution strategies will be mandatory for most of the aircraft. The solution is based on 3D proportional navigation, an easy implementation and simple navigation method. A first warning signal of the TCAS gives a guidance command for the conflict resolution in which the UAV is guided away from the protection envelope of a conflicting aircraft. The conflict resolution assumes that the position and the velocity vector of every aircraft are available at any moment. The computation of the appropriate acceleration for the UAV is essential to enable it escape from the conflict zone. This is obtained resorting to the proportional navigation law. The projections of the acceleration vector are performed relatively to the navigation axes and taken into account in the navigation equations that include the expression of the positional dynamics as well as the physical constraints of the variables that are involved. Nevertheless, the proposed method allows dealing with the collision avoidance problem in less than one second for conflict prevention over a time horizon of ninety seconds involving the UAV and four conflicting aircraft.

Esta tese tem como objectivo inicial encontrar um método que permita a uma aeronave não tripulada (UAV) gerar trajectórias sem colisão, tendo em conta o tráfego envolvente devido a aeronaves tripuladas. O problema da resolução de conflitos é um problema actual devido ao congestionamento do espaço aéreo. Com uma futura introdução do conceito de voo livre (“free flight”) será obrigatório que todas as aeronaves possuam um sistema que evite o conflito e consequentemente a colisão. A solução do problema foi obtida através da navegação proporcional tridimensional, um método simples de navegação e de fácil implementação. O objectivo foi orientar a nossa aeronave para fora da zona de conflito assim que o TCAS emite um primeiro sinal de alerta. O problema da resolução de conflitos parte do princípio que a posição de cada aeronave é conhecida assim como o respectivo vector de velocidade. A determinação da aceleração apropriada para a aeronave é essencial para a prevenção de conflitos com outras aeronaves, sendo esta obtida pela aplicação da lei da navegação proporcional. Esta aceleração é decomposta nos diferentes eixos e considerada nas equações de navegação. As equações de navegação respeitam os limites físicos impostos à aeronave além da expressão da sua própria dinâmica. Apesar destes limites, a aeronave consegue evitar os conflitos com as outras na sua vizinhança. Este método permite simular intervalos de 90 segundos, com 4 aeronaves nas imediações em menos de 1 segundo.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Aeronaves não tripuladas - Navegação proporcional tridimensional, Aeronaves não tripuladas - Prevenção de colisão, Aeronaves não tripuladas

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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