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Estudo da actividade antibacteriana de diversos óleos essenciais

Authors: Rodrigues, Cleide Vanessa Ferreira;

Estudo da actividade antibacteriana de diversos óleos essenciais

Abstract

Os conhecimentos acerca das plantas medicinais e da sua utilização têm vindo a ser acumuladas desde a antiguidade até aos nossos dias. Os óleos essenciais são misturas naturais muito complexas que podem conter cerca de 20-60 componentes em concentrações bastante diferentes e podem ser extraídos a partir das plantas aromáticas. Geralmente, os componentes principais dos óleos essenciais determinam as suas propriedades biológicas. Há algum tempo atrás, reconheceu-se que alguns óleos essenciais exibiam propriedades antimicrobianas. Actualmente, existem diversos métodos de screening para definir se o extracto de uma determinada planta possui actividade antimicrobiana. Os dois métodos mais utilizados são os de difusão em agar e de diluição em caldo. Então, o principal objectivo deste trabalho foi determinar a actividade antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais Guaiaco wood (e Bulnesol), Schinus molle, Lavandula luisieri (obtido das folhas e das flores), Mentha cervina, Lippia alba e Thymus mastichina contra Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp e Staphylococcus aureus, utilizando o método de difusão em agar com cavidades cilíndricas (poços) para a determinação dos halos de inibição, o método de macrodiluição para a determinação da concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) e da concentração mínima bactericida (CMB) e o teste em placa para a determinação do efeito de vapor. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, destacam-se as actividades antibacterianas contra Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922, dos óleos Schinus molle, Lavandula luisieri (folhas e flores) e Lippia alba, e contra as estirpes Gram-negativas (Escherichia coli ATCC 25923 e Salmonela spp) dos óleos Thymus mastichina e Mentha cervina.

The knowledges about the medicinal plants and their use have been coming to be accumulated from the antiquity till our days. The essential oils are very complex natural mixtures that can contain nearly 20-60 components in quite different concentrations and can be extracted from aromatic plants. Generally, the main components of the essential oils determine his biological properties. Some time ago, some antimicrobial properties were identified in any essencial oils. In our days, there are several methods of screening to define if the extract of one particular plant has antimicrobial activity. The two most used methods are diffusion in agar and of dilution in broth. Then, the main goal of this work was: the determination of antibacterial activity of some essential oils, such as Guaiac wood (and Bulnesol), Schinus molle, Lavandula luisieri (obtained of the leaves and flowers), Mentha cervina, Lippia alba and Thymus mastichina against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Staphylococcus aureus, using the method of diffusion in agar with cylindrical cavities (wells) for the determination of the haloes of inhibition; the method of macrodilution was used for the determination of the least inhibitory concentration (CMI), and least bactericidal concentration (CMB); finally the test in plate, for the determination of the effect of steam. In accordance with the obtained results, the antibacterial activities stand out against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922, of the oils Schinus molle, Lavandula luisieri (leaf out and flower) and Lippia alba, and against the Gram-negative stocks (Escherichia coli ATCC 25923 and Salmonella spp) of the oils Thymus mastichina and Mentha cervina.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Antibióticos antibacterianos, Domínio/Área Cientifica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Química, Óleos essenciais - Actividade antimicrobiana - Avaliação, Óleos essenciais - Actividade antibacteriana - Avaliação, Óleos essenciais - Composição química

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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