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Dispositivo terapêutico da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono

Authors: Rebelo, José Manuel Martins;

Dispositivo terapêutico da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono

Abstract

A Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono é um problema do foro respiratório, do qual provêm graves consequências tanto para a saúde física, mental bem como a nível monetário, pois a esta são atribuídos um grande número de acidentes de viação, maus desempenhos laborais, entre outras consequências diretas. Estima-se que entre 9 a 38% da população mundial seja portadora desta doença, contudo, em Portugal esta doença é pouco estudada e possivelmente subdiagnosticada, supondo-se que apenas entre 0,9% a 2,5% dos Portugueses sofra com este distúrbio. Esta é uma doença multifatorial, pelo que várias são as suas formas de deteção e tratamento existentes, no entanto, todas elas acarretam desconforto para o paciente, ou para quem o rodeia. Tendo isso em consideração, neste trabalho é proposto um sistema de deteção e controlo da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono, que ambiciona colmatar os contras das terapias existentes, sendo uma solução prática e eficaz para esta doença. A prova de conceito apresentada faz uso de um sensor de Eletromiografia para recolher os sinais elétricos que chegam ao maior músculo dilatador das vias aéreas, o Genioglosso. Através de elétrodos de superfície os sinais eletromiográficos são adquiridos por um microcontrolador ESP32, que tem a função de analisar e comparar os dados obtidos com um valor predefinido de limiar de apneia. Após uma apneia ser detetada, o circuito é capaz de gerar um sinal de estímulo que é aplicado diretamente no músculo, de maneira que não ocorra a oclusão das vias aéreas e o utilizador não desperte. Os dados de cada utilização, assim como a hora exacta em que cada evento apneico teve lugar, são enviados automaticamente para uma base de dados para posterior visualização e análise.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a respiratory problem that has serious consequences for physical and mental health, as well as in monetary terms, since a large number of traffic accidents and poor work performance, among other direct consequences are attributed to it. It is estimated that between 9 and 38% of the world population has this disease, however in Portugal this disease is poorly studied and possibly underdiagnosed, it is assumed that between 0.9% to 2.5% of Portuguese population suffer from this disorder. This is a multifactorial disease, so there are several ways of detection and treatment, however all of them cause discomfort to the patient, or to those around him. In this work we propose a system for detection and control of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, which promises to overcome the drawbacks of existing therapies, therefore being a practical and effective solution for this disease. The proof of concept presented makes use of an Electromyography sensor to collect the electrical signals that reach the largest dilator muscle of the airways, the Genioglossus. Surface electrodes provide the electromyographic signals to an ESP32 microcontroller, which has the function of analyzing and comparing the data obtained with a predefined value of apnea threshold. After an apnea is detected, the circuit is able of creating a stimulus signal that is applied directly to the muscle, so that airway occlusion does not occur and the user does not wake up. The data from each use, as well as the exact time when each apneic event took place, is automatically sent to a database for later viewing and analysis.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono, Electroestimulação, Eletromiografia, Eletrónica e Informática, Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Dispositivo Não Invasivo, Semg, Músculo Genioglosso

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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