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Episiotomia: devemos realizar? Revisão da literatura

Authors: Sabbo, Catarina de Mendonça;

Episiotomia: devemos realizar? Revisão da literatura

Abstract

Durante o parto vaginal podem ocorrer lacerações vaginais e perineais que são classificadas em diferentes graus e comportam diferentes consequências. A episiotomia é um procedimento cirúrgico que consiste na realização de uma incisão no períneo que visa aumentar o orifício vaginal, executado durante a segunda fase do trabalho de parto, com a finalidade de prevenir lacerações perineais de maior gravidade e possíveis complicações associadas. Tanto as lacerações perineais espontâneas como as episiotomias podem ser acompanhadas por dor, dispareunia, incontinência urinária, entre outras, pelo que é importante entender qual a pertinência da aplicação da episiotomia e em que situações esta se torna necessária. Atualmente, o papel deste procedimento cirúrgico é controverso, chegando a sua utilização a ser considerada como prática de violência obstétrica, pelo que é importante entender as situações em que a sua aplicação se mostra vantajosa e é imperativo que a necessidade do procedimento seja explicada à grávida para que esta se sinta informada e segura. Este trabalho tem como objetivo efetuar uma revisão da literatura com a finalidade de entender quais as possíveis indicações para a realização desta técnica e quais as complicações e benefícios associados.

During vaginal delivery, vaginal and perineal lacerations can occur, which are classified as different degrees and have different consequences. Episiotomy is a surgical procedure that consists of making an incision in the perineum that aims to increase the vaginal orifice, performed during the second stage of labor, to prevent more severe perineal lacerations and possible associated complications. Both spontaneous perineal lacerations and episiotomies can be accompanied by pain, dyspareunia, urinary incontinence, among others, so it is important to understand the pertinence of episiotomy application and in which situations it becomes necessary. Currently, the role of this surgical procedure is controversial, with its use being considered as a practice of obstetric violence, so it is important to understand the situations in which its application proves to be advantageous, and it is imperative that the need for the procedure is explained to the patient, so that she feels informed and safe. This dissertation aims to review the literature to understand the possible indications for performing this technique and the complications and associated benefits.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Dor Perineal, Episiotomia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina, Laceração Perineal, Perineotomia

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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